01 December 2004
Neural redox stress and remodeling in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and diabetic neuropathy
Melvin R. Hayden, Suresh C. TyagiMed Sci Monit 2004; 10(12): RA291-307 :: ID: 13242
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes and may frequently be the presenting symptom in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolic syndrome and T2DM are associated with multiple metabolic toxicities. These substrate toxicities support the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are so damaging to cells, tissues and organs and play an important role in the development of multiple diabetic complications. The importance of redox stress (ROS) and their effect on the neuronal unit are discussed. There are at least 5 major pathways involved in the development of DPN: metabolic, vascular, immunologic-autoimmune, neurohormonal growth factor deficiency, and extracellular matrix neuronal unit remodeling.
Each of these five pathways are reviewed and related to neural redox stress and the role of ROS. The identification of the toxic substrates (A-FLIGHT acronym), earlier diagnosis of T2DM at the stage of impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, and aggressive global risk reduction with the use of a simple RAAS acronym will assist the clinician in slowing the natural progressive history, and possibly preventing the complications associated with DPN.The pain, foot ulceration, limb loss, organ dysfunction, and the associated morbidity and financial burden all contribute to the need for a better understanding of DPN and the role of redox stress and global risk reduction.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism, Diabetic Neuropathies - metabolism, Extracellular Matrix - metabolism, Metabolic Syndrome X - metabolism, Neurons - metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism, Diabetic Neuropathies - metabolism, Extracellular Matrix - metabolism, Metabolic Syndrome X - metabolism, Neurons - metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Editorial
01 March 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: First Regulatory Approvals for CRISPR-Cas9 Therapeutic Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and Transfusion-Dependent β-ThalassemiaDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944204
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944204
In Press
18 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Sexual Dysfunction in Women After Tibial Fracture: A Retrospective Comparative StudyMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944136
21 Feb 2024 : Clinical Research
Potential Value of HSP90α in Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast CancerMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943049
22 Feb 2024 : Review article
Differentiation of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Comprehensive Review of Imaging Techniques and Future ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943168
23 Feb 2024 : Clinical Research
A Study of 60 Patients with Low Back Pain to Compare Outcomes Following Magnetotherapy, Ultrasound, Laser, ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943732
Most Viewed Current Articles
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952