Figure 5 Z-LIG decreases diabetes-induced expression of VEGF-α in protein and mRNA in the retina after 12 weeks of treatment. (A) VEGF-α representative western blots with the respective loading control (GAPDH). (B) The protein expression of VEGF-α (GAPDH%). (C) The primers of VEGF-α. (D) The mRNA expression of VEGF-α (CON%). Data are presented as percentage of control and values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n=4. ** P<.01, *** P<.001: DM group, DM+Z-LIG group vs. control group; ### P<.001: DM+Z-LIG group vs. DM group.