Figure 4 Vitamin D attenuated DUOX1-induced injury in rat primary neuron cells. (A, B) The overexpression efficiency of DUOX1 was detected by Q-PCR (A) and western blot (B). (C, D) MDA (C) and SOD (D) levels were detected by biochemical detection. (E, F) ROS level (E) and apoptosis (F) were detected by flow cytometry. (G) Protein expression of NF-κB and cleaved caspase-3 was determined by western blot. *** P<0.001 versus vector; ## P<0.01, ### P<0.001 versus oeDUOX1+vehicle. Vector: Negative control of DUOX1 overexpression; oeDUOX1: DUOX1 overexpression. DUOX1 – dual oxidase 1; Q-PCR – quantitative polymerase chain reaction; MDA – malondialdehyde; SOD – superoxide dismutase; ROS – reactive oxygen species.