Figure 2 Visual representations of the methods applied to measure vertebral parameters and spine-pelvis sagittal parameters in radiographs are shown as follows: (A) AH: Anterior vertebral height. PH: Posterior vertebral height. Vertebral body angle (α): Angle between superior and inferior endplate of the vertebrae. (B) LL: The angle between lines parallel to the superior L1 endplate and the S1 endplate. SS: The angle between the superior S1 endplate and the horizontal plane. PT: The angle between the vertical plane and the line connecting the midpoint of the sacral endplate and the hip axis. PI: The angle between the line connecting the midpoint of the sacral endplate and the hip axis and a line perpendicular to the sacral endplate.