Figure 2 Schematic of the damage of radiation on blood vessel. Radiation-induced vascular injury begins with progressive endothelial loss, and followed and partially overlapped by thrombus, wall rapture, and hemorrhage. Long term morphologic changes include endothelial proliferation, basement membrane thickening, adventitial fibrosis, vessel dilatation, and atheroma, which is rich of macrophages. Created with BioRender.com.