13 January 2024>: Clinical Research
Impact of Smoking on Salivary Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Young Adults: A Comparative Analysis between Traditional Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Products
Sara Zięba 1ABCDEF* , Agnieszka Błachnio-Zabielska 2ABCD , Mateusz Maciejczyk 3ABCDE , Karolina Pogodzińska 2BCD , Mariusz Szuta 4ABDF , Giuseppe Lo Giudice 5ACD , Roberto Lo Giudice 6BCD , Anna Zalewska 17ABCDEFGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.942507
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942507
Figure 1 (A–D)Influence of smoking traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products on the concentration of lipids in unstimulated and stimulated saliva. NWS – non-stimulated whole saliva; SPH – sphingosine; SPA – sphinganine; S1P – sphingosine-1-phosphate; SWS – stimulated whole saliva; Total Cer – total ceramide; p<0.0001. The figure was created in GraphPad Prism.