12 April 2025 : Review article
Exploring Molecular Pathways in Exercise-Induced Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury
Wei Xiao
ABCDEF 1, Gong Yue ABCEF 1, Xuebo Jiang ABCDEF 1, Song Huang ACDEF 1*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.946973
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e946973
Figure 1 Mechanisms underlying pre-injury exercise-induced improvement in traumatic brain injury. TBI – traumatic brain injury; BDNF – brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB – cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein; Caspase – cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase; HSP – heat-shock protein; Bax – B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein; BCL-2 – B-cell lymphoma-2; ANS – autonomic nervous system; MPTP – mitochondrial permeability transition pore; miR – microRNA (Paint, version 11, Microsoft).