24 June 2025 : Review article
Evaluating Animal Models for Improved Hemodialysis Vascular Access: A Focus on Arteriovenous Fistula
Xiaobei Cai
ABDEF 1,2, Youyi Zhang BEF 3, Taoxia Wang BDF 2, Xiaoli Liu F 2, Xiaofen Cai BEF 4, Xinyi Liang F 1,2, Guiying Li ADE 2*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948127
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948127
Figure 2 Three commonly used methods for inducing renal failure. (A1) Partial nephrectomy – Week 1: Approximately two-thirds of the kidney was resected. (A2) Partial nephrectomy - Week 2: The right kidney was resected. (B) Renal artery embolization: The renal artery was embolized to induce ischemia. (C) Induction by diet or drugs: A diet rich in adenine or specific drugs was used to induce renal failure.