24 September 2025 : Review article
Role of Ferroptosis on Lung Epithelial Cells in Disease Progression and Treatment: A Review
Xi Yin CDEF 1,2, Xiaohui Hou DEF 1, Jian Feng ADEF 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948226
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948226
Figure 1 Defense mechanisms of ferroptosisThe primary defense systems against ferroptosis include the cyst(e)ine/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis, the NAD(P)H/FSP1/CoQ10 system, the GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1)/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)/dihydrofolate reductase (DFH2) pathway, and the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)/CoQ10 pathway. Notably, DHODH exerts its anti-ferroptotic function within mitochondria, highlighting the importance of compartmentalized redox regulation. The figure was drawn using Figdraw (www.figdraw.com).