Figure 1 Key points discussed in the article, highlighting the main mechanisms and potential strategies for gut microbiota modulation in the prevention of GDM metabolic complications. The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in metabolic regulation and may influence both the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the long-term health of offspring. 1. Appropriate nutritional and probiotic interventions may help prevent the metabolic consequences of GDM in future generations by influencing epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance. 2, 3. Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can modulate epigenetic mechanisms that regulate insulin resistance, for example, by affecting DNA methylation of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Intestinal dysbiosis leads to an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which exacerbate insulin resistance. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced through the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, can influence gene expression by modulating histone modifications and microRNA (miRNA) regulation. These changes may improve insulin signalling and reduce inflammation. Additionally, microbial metabolites can regulate hormone levels such as leptin and ghrelin, which are involved in appetite and energy homeostasis. 4, 5. Gut microbiota may also impact the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and metabolic programming of offspring via epigenetic gene regulation. Modulation of microbiota through dietary strategies, including probiotics and prebiotics, offers a promising approach to reducing the risk of metabolic complications associated with GDM. Figure created using Canva (version current as of 2025; Canva Pty Ltd, Australia).