15 October 2025 : Review article
Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Regulators in Ischemic and Hypertrophic Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review of Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
Min Chen E 1, Yanming Wu E 1, Cheng Chen E 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948948
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948948
Figure 1 Extracellular vesicle biogenesis and cargo. (A) A representative image of the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are formed following the development of the early endosome, which matures into multivesicular bodies, that ultimately fuse with the plasma membrane for release. Microvesicles form via direct outwards budding of the plasma membrane. Apoptotic bodies form following the disassembly of apoptotic cells. (B) The contents of extracellular vesicles include many components, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and amino acids. The figure was created by BioRender.com.