Impact of Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation on Multifidus Muscle Function in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

05 October 2025 : Clinical Research

Adrian Kużdżał

^{ABEF 1*}, Gracjan Olaniszyn

^{BE 2,3}, Filipe Manuel Clemente

^{CDE 4,5,6}, Rafał Piwowar^{BE 7}, Małgorzata Smoter

^{BEF 8}, Robert Trybulski

^{ABEF 3,9}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949677

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e949677

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Figure 1 Participants flow chart. Software used to create the figure: Microsoft PowerPoint, version 16.98.

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