Comparison of Active Knee Flexion Angles With and Without Tibiofemoral Joint Rotation Control Between Individuals With and Without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Ju-Hee Park; Gyeong-Tae Gwak; Ui-jae Hwang; Jong-Hyuck Weon; Oh-Yun Kwon

doi:10.12659/MSM.950451

18 January 2026 : Clinical Research

Comparison of Active Knee Flexion Angles With and Without Tibiofemoral Joint Rotation Control Between Individuals With and Without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Ju-Hee Park

^{ABCDEF 1}, Gyeong-Tae Gwak

^{ACDE 2}, Ui-jae Hwang

^{ACDE 3}, Jong-Hyuck Weon

^{ACD 4}, Oh-Yun Kwon

^{ADEF 5*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950451

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e950451

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Figure 1 Measurement of knee flexion angle. (A) Active knee flexion in the side-lying position without TFRC. (B) Active knee flexion in the side-lying position with TFRC. TFRC – tibiofemoral joint rotation control. Photograph taken with a smartphone camera (iPhone 12 Pro, Apple Inc., Cupertino, USA).

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Comparison of Active Knee Flexion Angles With and Without Tibiofemoral Joint Rotation Control Between Individuals With and Without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

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