Figure 1 Flow chart of study populationFigure illustrates the stepwise selection process of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and multivessel disease (MVD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between January 2018 and December 2023. Out of 179 eligible patients, several exclusion criteria were applied: 23 patients required coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 81 patients had a SYNTAX score ≤22 and/or did not undergo complex PCI, 12 patients underwent repeat revascularization within 1 year, and 7 patients were either lost to follow-up or died within 1 year. This resulted in a final cohort of 56 patients with SYNTAX score >22 who underwent complex PCI involving left main disease, chronic total occlusion (CTO), or MVD interventions. These patients were followed for 1 year and subsequently categorized into 2 treatment groups: those receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) alone (group 1, n=32) and those receiving a combination of OAC and antiplatelet therapy (APT) (group 2, n=24). This flowchart provides a clear overview of the patient selection and grouping process used for outcome comparison in the study.