21 February 2026 : Clinical Research
Independent Risk Factors for Lag Screw Cut-Out: The Role of Open Reduction in Intertrochanteric Fracture Fixation With the Proximal Femoral Nail
Hilmi Alkan
ABCD 1*, Yasin Erdoğan EFG 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951584
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951584
Figure 2 Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs demonstrating the measurement methodology. The blue arrows indicate the tip–apex distance (TAD) on both the AP and lateral views. The red lines illustrate the collodiaphyseal (neck–shaft) angle measured between the femoral neck axis and the diaphyseal axis. The yellow dashed lines indicate the reference grid used to identify the lag screw tip position according to the Cleveland index. These images represent the radiographic parameters assessed in the study. TAD – tip–apex distance.