16 February 2026 : Clinical Research
Risk Factor Analysis of Residual Low Back Pain After Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation
Zhifeng Cheng BCDEF 1,2, Tao Tang ABD 1, Shenliang Chen AB 1, Jiafeng Hong DE 1,2, Haonan Lu BD 1,2, Hao Xu E 1,2, Bo Hu ADEF 1,2*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951644
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951644
Figure 3 (A–D) Evaluation of facet joint osteoarthritis using the Framingham scaleWhite arrows indicate the facet joint space. Grade I: No facet joint space narrowing; joint space width is at least 2 mm. Grade II: Mild joint space narrowing (JSN); joint space width is 1 to 2 mm. Grade III: Moderate JSN; joint space width is 1 mm or less. Grade IV: Severe JSN, characterized by bone-on-bone contact.