08 April 2026 : Clinical Research
Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Ye Chen
ABCDEF 1, Chunxiao Zhang AD 2, Lanyong Chen B 1, Yong He B 1, Linling Zhang B 1, Songfeng Hu AG 1,2*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951717
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951717
Figure 1 Study flow diagram. (1) Alzheimer’s disease: Diagnosed by clinical evaluation or neuropsychological testing; exclusion due to inability to provide reliable self-reported outcome measures (VAS, sleep quality). (2) Postoperative pulmonary infection: Resulted in prolonged hospital stay; interfered with the assessment of core outcomes due to altered postoperative recovery trajectories. (3) Absence of quantifiable data: Two patients (ropivacaine group) were excluded due to a complete lack of retrievable VAS or sleep quality scores at all postoperative time points.