Figure 1 Radiographic measurement procedurePanoramic radiographic measurements of vertical bone height were performed at 3 time points: preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 6 months postoperatively. Measurements were standardized by assessing the vertical distance from the most coronal point of the alveolar crest to the most inferior point of the elevated sinus floor along the planned implant axis. After sinus membrane elevation, graft boundaries were identified radiographically as the radiopaque region extending from the original sinus floor to the graft apex. To minimize magnification-related distortion inherent to panoramic imaging, calibration was performed using the known length of the placed dental implant. All measurements were conducted using Planmeca Romexis software by a blinded examiner.