01 October 2011
Reciprocal regulation of cellular nitric oxide formation by nitric oxide synthase and nitrite reductases
George B. Stefano, Richard M. KreamDOI: 10.12659/MSM.881972
Med Sci Monit 2011; 17(10): RA221-226
Abstract
Our mini-review focuses on dual regulation of cellular nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways by traditionally characterized enzymatic formation from L-arginine via the actions of NO synthases (NOS) and by enzymatic reduction of available cellular nitrite pools by a diverse class of cytosolic and mitochondrial nitrite reductases. Nitrite is a major metabolic product of NO and is found in all cell and tissue types that utilize NO signaling processes. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been previously characterized as a housekeeping enzyme responsible for cellular uric acid formation via enzymatic conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine. It has become apparent that XOR possesses multi-functional enzymatic activities outside the realm of xanthine metabolism and a small but significant literature also established a compelling functional association between administered sodium nitrite, XOR activation, and pharmacologically characterized NO transductive effects in positive cardiovascular function enhanced pulmonary perfusion, and protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypoxic damage and oxidative stress. Similar positive vascular and cellular effects were observed to be functionally associated with mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and cytochrome c/cytochrome c oxidase. The profound implications of a reciprocal regulatory mechanism responsible for cytosolic and mitochondrial NO production are discussed below.
Keywords: Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism, Nitrite Reductases - metabolism, Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - methods, Models, Biological, Mitochondria - metabolism, Electron Transport Complex IV, Cytosol - metabolism, Arginine, aldehyde dehydrogenase, Signal Transduction - physiology, Xanthine Dehydrogenase - metabolism
Editorial
01 March 2023 : Editorial
Editorial: Global Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Poultry, Wild Birds, and Mammals to Prevent a Human Influenza PandemicDOI: 10.12659/MSM.939968
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939968
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
03 March 2023 : Database Analysis
Reinfections from SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from the Gyncentrum Genetic Laboratory in Sosnowiec, Po...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939452
09 February 2023 : Clinical Research
Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in 729 Medical Students in Indonesia During ...Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938892
19 January 2023 : Clinical Research
Determining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Care in the Serbian Adult Population: An Online Q...Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939238
27 December 2022 : Clinical Research
Effect of Physiotherapy to Correct Rounded Shoulder Posture in 30 Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in ...Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938926
In Press
19 Mar 2023 : Clinical Research
Management of Unstable C1 Fractures Involving the Lateral Mass: Posterior C1-C2 Screw-Rod Fixation and FusionMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938600
17 Mar 2023 : Clinical Research
Relationship Between Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Axial Length in ChildrenMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939451
15 Mar 2023 : Clinical Research
Relationship Between Psychological Symptoms and Self-Esteem Levels Before and After Stomach Botox TreatmentMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939618
15 Mar 2023 : Clinical Research
Short-Term Patient Outcomes Using the Interlaminar Endoscopic Surgical System Ilessys® Delta System versus ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938477
Most Viewed Current Articles
13 Nov 2021 : Clinical Research
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Factors Among Cancer Patients Attending the Oncology ...DOI :10.12659/MSM.932788
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932788
30 Dec 2021 : Clinical Research
Retrospective Study of Outcomes and Hospitalization Rates of Patients in Italy with a Confirmed Diagnosis o...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935379
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e935379
08 Mar 2022 : Review article
A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Man...DOI :10.12659/MSM.936292
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936292
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952