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24 January 2014 : Review article  

Impact of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation on cognitive functions in patients with recurrent depressive disorders

Monika TalarowskaAEFG, Kinga BobińskaEG, Marlena ZajączkowskaE, Kuan-Pin SuAEF, Michael MaesAEF, Piotr GałeckiAEFG

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.889853

Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:110-115

Abstract

Data show that up to 38.2% of the European population have a mental disorder and that recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) is among the most commonly diagnosed disabling diseases. Over the last few years, neurocognitive impairments in rDD have become a new research front focusing on the role of cognitive decline during the course of rDD and in relation to its clinical presentation and prognosis. Both immune-inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) processes potentially play a role in development of cognitive dysfunction in rDD. New evidence shows that chronic inflammatory and O&NS reactions occur in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders and those with rDD. This narrative review presents the current state of knowledge on the possible impact of selected inflammatory and O&NS enzymes on cognitive functioning in patients with rDD. We focus on manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO).

Keywords: Depressive Disorder - pathology, Cognition - physiology, Europe, Inflammation - pathology, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism, Oxidative Stress - physiology, Peroxidase - metabolism, Reactive Nitrogen Species - adverse effects, Recurrence, Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750