14 June 2015 : Review article
Roles of Sulfur Metabolism and Rhodanese in Detoxification and Anti-Oxidative Stress Functions in the Liver: Responses to Radiation Exposure
Tetsuo NakajimaABCDEFGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.893234
Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1721-1725
Abstract
Organisms must confront various environmental stresses. The liver is central to protecting against such stresses in mammals, and it has many detoxification and anti-oxidative stress functions. Radiation is a source of oxidative stress and is known to affect the liver and induce anti-oxidative responses. The detoxification enzyme rhodanese, which is also called thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST), has been demonstrated to be induced in the liver in response to radiation. Cyanide detoxification is a function of the liver, and rhodanese is a key enzyme involved in sulfur metabolism in that detoxification. Though the anti-oxidative stress system in which sulfur molecules such as thiol compounds are involved has attracted attention as a defense against radiation, detoxification enzymes may have other roles in this defense. Understanding how these functions are affected by alterations of sulfur metabolism (including thiol compounds) after irradiation would help uncover their roles in defense against cancer and other deleterious health effects, as well as environmental stress responses. This article reviews the roles of sulfur-related metabolism in oxidative stress regulation and detoxification for recovery from liver damage after radiation exposure, with particular attention to recent findings of sulfur-related enzymes such as rhodanese, which is unique in sulfur metabolism.
Keywords: Liver - radiation effects, Cyanides - pharmacokinetics, Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I - radiation effects, Oxidative Stress - radiation effects, Stress, Physiological - radiation effects, Sulfur - metabolism, Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase - metabolism
Editorial
01 March 2025 : Editorial
Editorial: The World Health Organization (WHO) Updated List of Emerging and Potentially Pandemic Pathogens Includes Yersinia pestis as Plague Vaccines Await Clinical TrialsDOI: 10.12659/MSM.948672
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948672
In Press
Clinical Research
Evaluation of Attitudes to Learning Doctor-Patient Communication Skills in 427 Postgraduate Doctors Using t...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947276
Clinical Research
Exploring the Association Between Serum Neurogranin, Nardilysin, and Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947703
Clinical Research
Comparative Analysis of Laser Therapies for Striae Distensae: Fractional CO₂ vs Combined Q-Switch Nd:YAGMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947464
Database Analysis
Utility of Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Gradient in Predicting Mortality in Dialysis with Catheter AccessMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947298
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article 7,082,464
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research 702,311
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Mar 2024 : Editorial 27,546
Editorial: First Regulatory Approvals for CRISPR-Cas9 Therapeutic Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and ...DOI :10.12659/MSM.944204
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944204
28 Jan 2024 : Review article 21,733
A Review of IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) Past, Present, and FutureDOI :10.12659/MSM.943912
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943912