27 November 2020: Review Articles
Role of Exosomes in the Progression, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gliomas
Ji Shi 1AEFG , Ye Zhang 1BC , Bing Yao 1BD , Peixin Sun 1CD , Yuanyuan Hao 1CF , Haozhe Piao 1FG** , Xi Zhao 2BF**DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924023
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924023
Table 2 Exosomes in the treatment of gliomas.
| Donor cells | Reference | First author (country) | Year | Recipient cells | Exosomal content | Mechanism | Model | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEK-293T cells | []103 | Monfared H (Iran) | 2019 | U87-MG, C6 and rat model | miR-21 sponge construct | Downregulates miR-21, and upregulates miR-21 target genes (PDCD4 and RECK) | , and stereota-xically injected into a rat model | Reduces tumor volume |
| hBMSCs | []104 | Yu L (China) | 2019 | U251 | miR-199a | Downregulates AGAP2 | Suppresses tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration | |
| hBMSCs | []105 | Wang B (China) | 2019 | GBM cells (T98G, LN229 and A172) and nude mice | miR-34a | Downregulates MYCN | , and subcutaneously injected into a rat model | Suppresses GBM cell growth, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis, and enhances chemosensitivity of the GBM cells to TMZ |
| hBMSCs | []106 | Deng SZ (China) | 2019 | Glioma cells (SHG44, C6, U87, and U251) and nude mice | miR-375 | Suppresses SLC31A1 | and a rat model | Promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion |
| hBMSCs | []107 | Hao SC (China) | 2019 | U87 cells | Long noncoding RNA PTENP1 | Regulates PTENP1/miR-10a-5p/PTEN signaling | Induces cell apoptosis and inhibits glioma cell proliferation | |
| Rat microglia cells | []79 | Murgoci AN (France) | 2018 | C6 cells | Not available | Not available | Suppresses the invasiveness of glioma cells | |
| DCs carried CRCLs with GL261 glioma cells | []108 | Bu N (China) | 2015 | 6-week-old female C57BL/6 mice | CRCLs | Modulates Cbl-b and c-Cbl signaling | Prolongs the survival of mice with tumors and suppresses tumor proliferation | |
| MSCs | []109 | Katakowski M (USA) | 2013 | 9L glioma cells; male Fischer rats | miR-146b | Inhibits EGFR expression | and rat models | Inhibits glioma growth |
| hBMSCs | []110 | Munoz JL (USA) | 2013 | U87 cells; T98G cells | Anti-miR-9 | Reduces miR-9 content in GBM cells and expression of the drug transporter MDR1 | Reduces the chemoresistance of GBM cells to TMZ | |
| Human GBM cells | []80 | Bu N (China) | 2011 | CTLs obtained from PBMCs | Tumor antigen | Activates glioma-specific CD8+ CTLs | Kills the autologous glioma cells | |
| GL26 cells | []111 | Zhuang X (China) | 2011 | Microglial cells | Cucurbitacin I | Selectively inhibits the activity of STAT3 and reduces the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 | by the intranasal route | Promotes tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell growth |
| SMA560vIII | []77 | Graner MW (USA) | 2009 | VM/Dk mice | None | Produces immune memory, improves T cell activity, and stimulates antibody production | by the subcutaneous route | Exosome vaccines enhance immune responses; reduces tumorigenesis and prolongs survival |
| CRCLs – chaperone-rich cell lysates; CTLs – cytotoxic T lymphocytes; DCs – dendritic cells; EGFR – epidermal growth factor receptor; GBM – glioblastoma multiforme; hBMSCs – human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; MSCs – mesenchymal stem cells; MYCN – basic helix-loop-helix protein 37; PBMCs – peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RNA – ribonucleic acid; STAT3 – signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TMZ – temozolomide. | ||||||||