08 August 2020 : Clinical Research
Protective Effect of Probiotics against Esophagogastric Variceal Rebleeding in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis after Endoscopic Therapy
Qun Zhang1CDE, Fangyuan Gao1CD, Xue Yang1D, Ying Hu1D, Yao Liu1CD, Yixin Hou1D, Yuxin Li1D, Bingbing Zhu2B, Shuaishuai Niu1BF, Yunyi Huang3B, Xianbo Wang1ADG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924040
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924040
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses with esophagogastric variceal rebleeding.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 1.002 (0.992–1.012) | 0.696 | ||
| Sex (Male Female) | 1.048 (0.835–1.316) | 0.683 | ||
| Etiology | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||
| HCV HBV | 1.400 (0.964–2.033) | 0.077 | 1.461 (1.003–2.129) | 0.048 |
| Alcohol HBV | 1.643 (1.248–2.163) | <0.001 | 1.395 (1.044–1.864) | 0.024 |
| Alcohol+HBV HBV | 1.919 (1.332–2.764) | <0.001 | 1.844 (1.278–2.661) | 0.001 |
| Other HBV | 1.385 (1.028–1.868) | 0.032 | 1.542 (1.137–2.092) | 0.005 |
| Comorbidity index | 1.217 (1.044–1.420) | 0.012 | ||
| Hepatic encephalopathy (yes no) | 1.240 (0.924–1.664) | 0.152 | ||
| Bacterial infection (yes no) | 1.207 (0.978–1.489) | 0.080 | ||
| Previous variceal bleeding (yes no) | 1.038 (0.836–1.288) | 0.737 | ||
| Child-Pugh class | 1.320 (1.108–1.572) | 0.002 | ||
| MELD score | 1.066 (1.037–1.095) | <0.001 | ||
| ALT (U/L) | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.001 | ||
| AST (U/L) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.008 | ||
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 1.004 (1.002–1.006) | <0.001 | 1.003 (1.001–1.006) | 0.007 |
| GGT (U/L) | 1.001 (1.001–1.002) | 0.002 | ||
| ALB (g/L) | 0.989 (0.971–1.007) | 0.241 | ||
| CREA (μmol/L) | 1.004 (1.000–1.007) | 0.039 | ||
| GLU (mmol/L) | 1.031 (1.013–1.050) | 0.001 | 1.032 (1.013–1.050) | 0.001 |
| WBC (×10/L) | 1.038 (1.016–1.060) | <0.001 | ||
| NLR | 1.016 (1.000–1.033) | 0.053 | ||
| HGB (g/L) | 0.999 (0.994–1.003) | 0.559 | ||
| PLT (×10/L) | 1.000 (0.997–1.003) | 0.786 | ||
| INR | 2.122 (1.480–3.043) | <0.001 | 1.697 (1.167–2.469) | 0.006 |
| Secondary prophylaxis (yes no) | 0.490 (0.340–0.704) | <0.001 | 0.554 (0.381–0.807) | 0.002 |
| Probiotics therapy (≥28cDDD <28cDDD) | 0.713 (0.564–0.902) | 0.005 | 0.623 (0.488–0.795) | <0.001 |
| HR – hazard ratio; CI – confidence interval; HBV – hepatitis B virus; HCV – hepatitis C virus; MELD – model for end-stage liver disease; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL – total bilirubin; GGT-γ – glutamyl transferase; ALB – albumin; CREA – creatinine; GLU – glucose; WBC – white blood cell; NLR – neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; HGB – hemoglobin; PLT – platelet; INR – international normalized ratio. | ||||