20 November 2020 : Clinical Research
The Relationship Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case-Control Study from a Single Center in Beijing, China
Wei Qin1ABCDE, Jiangmei Yin2BCDF, Lei Yang1BCF, Shuna Yang1BF, Yue Li1CE, Xuanting Li1EG, Wenli Hu1E*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.925703
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925703
Table 4 Comparison of the characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients among groups according to white matter hyperintensities (WMH) burden.
| Characteristics | Mild WMH group (N=25) | Moderate WMH group (N=53) | Severe WMH group (N=47) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 (55, 76) | 69 (60, 76) | 74 (69, 80) | 0.002 |
| Male, n (%) | 22 (88.0) | 28 (52.8) | 32 (68.1) | 0.009 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 10 (40.0) | 20 (37.7) | 27 (57.4) | 0.117 |
| DM, n (%) | 6 (24.0) | 11 (20.8) | 8 (17.0) | 0.767 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (1.9) | 10 (21.3) | 0.003 |
| History of CHD, n (%) | 1 (4.0) | 6 (11.3) | 7 (14.9) | 0.435 |
| Alcoholism, n (%) | 3 (12.0) | 9 (17.0) | 9 (19.1) | 0.742 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 14 (56.0) | 36 (67.9) | 27 (57.4) | 0.456 |
| HbA1c,% | 5.95±1.49 | 5.92±1.26 | 5.91±1.49 | 0.994 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.26±0.93 | 4.28±0.84 | 4.26±0.79 | 0.990 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.23±0.30 | 1.21±0.37 | 1.28±0.41 | 0.611 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.53±0.96 | 2.46±0.62 | 2.50±0.75 | 0.918 |
| ESR, mmol/L | 19.96±22.72 | 20.18±21.74 | 16.77±16.42 | 0.667 |
| ALP, mmol/L | 89.04±25.72 | 94.83±38.27 | 83.13±18.65 | 0.150 |
| Cr, mmol/L | 73.46±17.45 | 73.38±31.95 | 79.92±29.66 | 0.473 |
| CRP, mmol/L | 3.20±4.21 | 2.52±4.29 | 2.38±4.45 | 0.736 |
| COPD grade, n (%) | 0.034 | |||
| GOLD 1 | 17 (68.0) | 21 (39.6) | 16 (34.0) | |
| GOLD 2 | 4 (16.0) | 19 (35.8) | 23 (48.9) | |
| GOLD 3 | 4 (16.0) | 13 (24.5) | 8 (17.0) | |
| GOLD 4, | – | – | – | |
| Duration of COPD, years | 2 (1, 5) | 10 (9, 20) | 20 (10, 40) | <0.001 |
| Data are presented as mean±standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or counts (%). WMH – white matter hyperintensities; DM – diabetes mellitus; CHD – coronary heart disease; HbA1c – glycosylated hemoglobin; TC – total cholesterol; LDL-C – low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ESR – erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL-C – high density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALP – alkaline phosphatase; Cr – creatinine; CRP – C-reactive protein; GOLD – global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | ||||