24 September 2020 : Clinical Research
A Retrospective Study from 2 Centers in China on the Effects of Continued Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Patients with Hypertension and COVID-19
Zhongchao Wang1ABCDEFG, Dewei Zhang2BC, Shengming Wang3BC, Yanhua Jin2BC, Jianbo Huan4BC, Yue Wu5CDF, Cheng Xia2CD, Zhe Li6B, Xingshun Qi7CF, Duanzhen Zhang1DF, Xiumin Han1DF, Xianyang Zhu1DEF, Ying Qu8ABCDEFG*, Qiguang Wang9ACDEFGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.926651
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926651
Table 1 Baseline characteristics and disease severity of all included COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension.
| Parameters | Overall (n=210) | ACEIs/ARBs (n=81) | Non-ACEIs/ARBs (n=129) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 67.00 (59.75–74.00) | 68.00 (61.50–76.00) | 66.00 (59.00–72.50) | 0.107 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 100 (47.62) | 38 (46.91) | 62 (48.06) | 0.871 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 24.15 (21.97–26.03) | 24.22 (22.01–26.36) | 24.09 (21.87–25.39) | 0.357 |
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| Body temperature (°C), median (IQR) | 36.50 (36.28–36.70) | 36.50 (36.20–36.70) | 36.50 (36.30–36.70) | 0.422 |
| SpO2 (%), median (IQR) | 97.00 (96.00–98.00) | 97.00 (96.00–98.00) | 97.00 (96.00–98.00) | 0.680 |
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 140.00 (129.00–150.00) | 144.00 (130.00–155.00) | 140.00 (128.00–147.00) | 0.022 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 84.00 (75.00–94.00) | 83.00 (76.50–93.00) | 85.00 (75.00–94.00) | 0.770 |
| HR, median (IQR) | 85.00 (78.00–94.00) | 82.00 (77.50–92.50) | 87.00 (80.00–95.00) | 0.213 |
| RR, median (IQR) | 20.00 (18.00–20.00) | 20.00 (18.00–20.00) | 20.00 (18.00–20.00) | 0.408 |
| 7-categorical ordinal scale on admission | ||||
| =3, n (%) | 111 (52.86) | 32 (39.51) | 79 (61.24) | 0.002 |
| >3, n (%) | 99 (47.14) | 49 (60.49) | 50 (38.76) | 0.002 |
| 4 | 89 (42.38) | 42 (51.85) | 47 (36.43) | 0.028 |
| 5 | 10 (4.76) | 7 (8.64) | 3 (2.33) | 0.079 |
| Classification on admission | ||||
| Mild cases, n (%) | 145 (69.05) | 55 (67.90) | 90 (69.77) | 0.776 |
| Grade 1 | 6 (2.86) | 2 (2.47) | 4 (3.10) | 1.000 |
| Grade 2 | 139 (66.19) | 53 (65.43) | 86 (66.67) | 0.854 |
| Severe cases, n (%) | 65 (30.95) | 26 (32.10) | 39 (30.23) | 0.776 |
| Grade 3 | 52 (24.76) | 19 (23.46) | 33 (25.58) | 0.728 |
| Grade 4 | 13 (6.19) | 7 (8.64) | 6 (4.65) | 0.243 |
| Other comorbidities, n (%) | 136 (64.76) | 62 (76.54) | 74 (57.36) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes | 55 (26.19) | 22 (27.16) | 33 (25.58) | 0.800 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 14 (6.67) | 6 (7.41) | 8 (6.20) | 0.733 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 61 (29.05) | 27 (33.33) | 34 (26.36) | 0.278 |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 19 (9.05) | 5 (6.17) | 14 (10.85) | 0.250 |
| Cerebral vascular diseases | 24 (11.43) | 9 (11.11) | 15 (11.63) | 0.909 |
| Chronic liver diseases | 11 (5.24) | 5 (6.17) | 6 (4.65) | 0.630 |
| Chronic renal diseases | 8 (3.81) | 2 (2.47) | 6 (4.65) | 0.664 |
| Benign tumors | 1 (0.48) | 60 (0) | 1 (0.78) | 1.000 |
| Laboratory test on admission | ||||
| K+ (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.11 (3.84–4.41) | 4.10 (3.81–4.39) | 4.11 (3.85–4.46) | 0.404 |
| Na+ (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 139.85 (138.18–141.33) | 140.00 (138.25–141.50) | 139.80 (138.05–141.35) | 0.881 |
| Cl− (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 104.40 (102.10–106.30) | 104.00 (102.15–106.10) | 104.70 (102.05–106.35) | 0.575 |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 20.72 (15.57–30.46) | 21.09 (16.43–31.36) | 20.35 (14.63–30.67) | 0.537 |
| GGT (U/L), median (IQR) | 27.85 (18.08–38.29) | 27.38 (17.78–36.50) | 28.38 (18.30–40.83) | 0.754 |
| TBIL (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 10.53 (8.79–13.32) | 10.40 (8.94–13.34) | 10.64 (8.32–13.30) | 0.892 |
| DBIL (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.30 (1.69–3.36) | 2.46 (1.77–3.86) | 2.21 (1.64–3.12) | 0.091 |
| IBIL (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 8.30 (6.41–10.26) | 8.40 (6.41–10.20) | 8.28 (6.35–10.38) | 0.993 |
| CREA (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 59.58 (48.88–73.71) | 61.23 (51.35–76.45) | 58.35 (47.76–71.28) | 0.047 |
| Urea (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.20 (4.25–6.17) | 5.20 (4.34–6.28) | 5.13 (4.18–6.12) | 0.375 |
| UA (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 302.12 (246.10–351.68) | 310.00 (241.78–369.07) | 296.40 (246.80–346.72) | 0.291 |
| WBC (10/L), median (IQR) | 6.06 (4.84–7.03) | 5.95 (4.99–6.84) | 6.11 (4.77–7.22) | 0.671 |
| NEUT (10/L), median (IQR) | 3.48 (2.74–4.50) | 3.45 (2.79–4.44) | 3.55 (2.70–4.55) | 0.969 |
| LYMPH (10/L), median (IQR) | 1.50 (1.14–1.99) | 1.65 (1.05–1.99) | 1.48 (1.20–2.01) | 0.609 |
| MONO (10/L), median (IQR) | 0.50 (0.40–0.64) | 0.46 (0.40–0.59) | 0.51 (0.40–0.66) | 0.164 |
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 0.62 (0.50–4.41) | 0.73 (0.50–4.32) | 0.56 (0.50–4.52) | 0.613 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml), median (IQR) | 2.68 (1.50–6.65) | 2.56 (1.50–6.24) | 2.78 (1.50–6.74) | 0.533 |
| ACEIs – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs – angiotensin II receptor blockers; IQR – interquartile range; BMI – body mass index; SpO – oxyhemoglobin saturation; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; HR – heart rate; RR – respiratory rate; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; GGT – γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; TBIL – total bilirubin; DBIL – direct bilirubin; IBIL – indirect bilirubin; CREA – creatinine; UA – uric acid; WBC – white blood cells; NEUT – neutrophil; LYMPH – lymphocyte; MONO – monocyte; CRP – C-reactive protein; IL-6 – interleukin-6; SARS-CoV-2 – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | ||||