09 November 2020 : Clinical Research
Weight Gain Before the Third Trimester and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Xiaoyi Zou12ABCDEF, Ning Yang3ACDG, Wei Cai4B, Xiulong Niu5B, Maoti Wei6CD, Xin Zhang4B, Xuejing Hou7CD, Fang Kang8B, Yuming Li9AG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.927409
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927409
Table 3 Descriptive characteristics of pregnancies with and without HDP in different early-pregnancy BMI categories.
| Characteristic | Overweight n=1156 | Obese n=396 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CG | HDP | P | CG | HDP | P | |
| Sample | N=1048, 90.7% | N=108, 9.3% | N=344, 86.9% | N=52, 13.1% | ||
| Age, years | 31 (29, 34) | 31 (28, 34) | 0.973 | 31 (29, 34) | 32 (29, 35) | 0.159 |
| Ethnicity (Han) | 1005 (95.9%) | 107 (99.1%) | 0.168 | 334 (97.1%) | 51 (98.1%) | 1.000 |
| Primipara | 663 (63.3%) | 76 (70.4%) | 0.143 | 220 (64.0%) | 36 (69.2%) | 0.458 |
| FH of hypertension | 210 (20.0%) | 38 (23.2%) | 82 (23.8%) | 12 (23.1%) | 0.904 | |
| BMI at enrolment kg/m | 25.4 24.6, 26.4) | 25.9 (25.1, 26.9) | 29.9 (28.7, 31.3) | 30.5 (29, 31.9) | 0.235 | |
| GW at enrolment weeks | 10 (9, 12) | 11 (10, 12) | 11 (9, 12) | 10 (9, 11) | 0.318 | |
| GW at delivery, weeks | 39 38, 40) | 38 (37, 39) | 39 (38, 39) | 39 (37, 39) | 0.152 | |
| Caesarean section | 624 (59.5%) | 81 (75.0%) | 260 (75.6%) | 35 (67.3%) | 0.202 | |
| Neonatal sex (male) | 571 (54.5%) | 58 (53.7%) | 0.877 | 202 (58.7%) | 30 (57.7%) | 0.888 |
| Neonatal height, cm | 50 (50, 51) | 50 (48, 50) | 50 (50, 51) | 50 (49, 50) | ||
| Neonatal weight, g | 3450 (3170, 3750) | 3250 (2843, 3598) | 3503 (3200, 3850) | 3260 (3028, 3675) | ||
| Neonatal score | 10 (9, 10) | 10 (9, 10) | 0.840 | 10 (9, 10) | 10 (9, 10) | 0.448 |
| Education level, years | ||||||
| ≤9 | 209 (19.9%) | 15 (13.9%) | 0.311 | 97 (28.2%) | 11 (21.2%) | 0.521 |
| 9 to 12 | 734 (70.0%) | 82 (75.9%) | 227 (66.0%) | 37 (71.2%) | ||
| >12 | 105 (10.0%) | 11 (10.2%) | 20 (5.8%) | 4 (7.7%) | ||
| GWG, kg | ||||||
| 16 weeks | 1.0 (0, 2) | 1.3 (0.2, 2.3) | 0.069 | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.5 (−1, 2.3) | 0.448 |
| 20 weeks | 3.3 (2.0, 4.9) | 3.5 (2.0, 4.3) | 0.963 | 2.5 (1.0, 4.3) | 2.3 (0, 3.9) | 0.270 |
| 24 weeks | 5.5 (3.8, 7.5) | 5.2 (4.0, 7.3) | 0.961 | 5.0 (3.0, 6.5) | 4.5 (2.1, 6.8) | 0.541 |
| 28 weeks | 8.0 (6.0, 10.0) | 7.8(6.0, 10.0) | 0.876 | 6.3 (4.0, 8.8) | 6.0 (5.0, 8.3) | 0.929 |
| Z-score around 16 weeks | −0.17 (−0.97, 0.45) | 0.02 (−0.54, 0.74) | 0.01 (−0.77, 0.70) | −0.36 (−1.90, 0.62) | ||
| <−1 SD | 10.5% | 4.3% | 8.3% | 21.6% | ||
| −1 to +1 SD | 84.0% | 84.9% | 83.8% | 74.5% | ||
| >+1 SD | 5.5% | 10.8% | 7.9% | 3.9% | ||
| Z-score around 20 weeks | −0.06±1.43;0.17 (−0.58, 0.78) | 0.07±0.88;0.17 (−0.29, 0.63) | 0.815 | −0.14 (1.77);0.18 (−0.65, 0.88) | −0.27 (1.39);0.04 (−1.39, 0.62) | 0.302 |
| <−1 SD | 10.9% | 5.9% | 0.105 | 8.9% | 14.6% | 0.459 |
| −1 to +1 SD | 80.5% | 89.1% | 84.8% | 79.2% | ||
| >+1 SD | 8.7% | 5.0% | 6.3% | 6.3% | ||
| Z-score around 24 weeks | 0.10 (−0.63, 0.72) | 0.05 (−0.58, 0.69) | 0.943 | 0.20 (−0.56, 0.78) | 0.02 (−0.74, 0.81) | 0.730 |
| <−1 SD | 10.4% | 7.5% | 0.083 | 7.9% | 5.9% | 0.720 |
| −1 to +1 SD | 81.6% | 89.6% | 86.1% | 90.2% | ||
| >+1 SD | 8.0% | 2.8% | 6.0% | 3.9% | ||
| Z-score around 28 weeks | 0.06 (−0.59, 0.74) | 0.17 (−0.50, 0.61) | 0.887 | 0.04 (−0.66, 0.72) | 0.05 (−0.38, 0.68) | 0.799 |
| <−1 SD | 12.2% | 12.4% | 0.635 | 11.4% | 10.2% | 0.962 |
| −1 to +1 SD | 74.0% | 77.1% | 78.0% | 79.6% | ||
| >+1 SD | 13.8% | 10.5% | 10.5% | 10.2% | ||
| CG – control group; HDP – hypertensive disorder during pregnancy; Han ethnicity – the ethnic majority in china; FH – family history; BMI – body mass index; GW – gestational week; GWG – gestational weight gain; SD – standard deviation. | ||||||