17 May 2021: Clinical Research
Association of Oral Behaviors with Anxiety, Depression, and Jaw Function in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Lili Xu 1ABCDE , Bin Cai 1BCD , Shuai Fan 1BCD , Shenji Lu 1BCD , Kerong Dai 2AD*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.929985
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929985
Table 2 Prevalence of oral behaviors in male and female patients with temporomandibular disorders.
| Oral behaviours | Females (%) | Males (%) | Total (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=451 | n=86 | n=537 | ||
| 1 | Clench or grind teeth when asleep | 107 (23.7) | 4 (4.7) | 121 (22.5) |
| 2 | Sleep in a position that puts pressure on the jaw | 246 (54.6) | 39 (45.4) | 284 (52.9) |
| 3 | Grind teeth | 3 (0.7) | 2 (2.3) | 5 (0.9) |
| 4 | Clench teeth | 31 (6.9) | 4 (4.7) | 35 (6.5) |
| 5 | Press, touch, or hold teeth together other than while eating | 157 (34.8) | 22 (25.6) | 179 (33.3) |
| 6 | Hold, tighten, or tense muscles without clenching or bringing teeth together | 67 (14.9) | 10 (11.6) | 77 (14.3) |
| 7 | Hold or put jaw forward or to the side | 59 (13.1) | 6 (7.0) | 65 (12.1) |
| 8 | Press tongue forcibly against teeth | 28 (6.2) | 5 (5.8) | 33 (6.1) |
| 9 | Place tongue between teeth | 70 (15.5) | 10 (11.6) | 80 (14.9) |
| 10 | Bite, chew, or play with your tongue, cheeks, or lips | 17 (3.8) | 2 (2.3) | 19 (3.5) |
| 11 | Hold jaw in rigid or tense position, such as braceor protect the jaw | 47 (10.4) | 8 (9.3) | 55 (10.2) |
| 12 | Bite or hold objects between the teeth | 31 (6.9) | 7 (8.1) | 38 (7.1) |
| 13 | Use chewing gum | 16 (3.5) | 3 (3.5) | 19 (3.5) |
| 14 | Play musical instruments that involve use of mouth or jaw | 4 (0.9) | 2 (2.3) | 6 (1.1) |
| 15 | Lean with yourjaw on the hand | 108 (23.9)* | 15 (17.4) | 123 (22.9) |
| 16 | Chew food on one side | 220 (48.8)* | 35 (40.7) | 255 (47.5) |
| 17 | Eat between meals | 174 (38.6)* | 21 (24.4) | 195 (36.3) |
| 18 | Sustained talking | 115 (25.5) | 19 (22.1) | 134 (25.0) |
| 19 | Singing | 21 (4.7) | 2 (2.3) | 23 (4.3) |
| 20 | Yawning | 185 (41.0)* | 21 (24.4) | 206 (38.4) |
| 21 | Hold telephone between your head and shoulders? | 16 (3.5) | 1 (1.2) | 17 (3.2) |
| * | ||||