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11 January 2022 : Clinical Research  

Association Between Hyperhomocysteinemia Combined with Metabolic Syndrome and Higher Prevalence of Stroke in Chinese Adults Who Have Elevated Blood Pressure

Feng Hu12BCDEF, Shichao Yu3BCD, Juan Li4ABCD, Wei Zhou25BDEF, Tao Wang25BCDE, Xiao Huang125AF*, Huihui Bao125AG, Xiaoshu Cheng125AG

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.934100

Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e934100

Supplementary Table 2 Clinical characteristics of participants grouped by HHcy and MS.

CharacteristicsControl (n=3910)Isolated HHcy (n=4215)Isolated MS (n=3125)HHcy and MS (n=2809)P value
Age (years)62.62±8.9567.29±9.2060.22±8.4964.00±9.18
Male, n (%)1619 (41.41%)2837 (67.31%)886 (28.35%)1308 (46.56%)
BMI (kg/m)22.56±3.2321.99±3.7425.66±3.2425.25±3.18
Waistline (cm)79.88±8.5579.58±8.4089.44±8.3789.56±9.12
WHR0.89±0.070.89±0.260.94±0.060.95±0.08
SBP (mmHg)148.15±16.82148.47±18.86148.46±17.03148.52±18.560.999
DBP (mmHg)88.86±10.3387.81±11.2190.36±10.1289.11±11.08
Heart rate (times/min)74.76±13.8275.18±14.0778.41±13.0079.05±14.60
Smoking status, n (%)
 Never2470 (63.17%)1740 (41.29%)2273 (72.76%)1660 (59.12%)
 Former smoker512 (13.09%)928 (22.02%)348 (11.14%)487 (17.34%)
 Current smoker928 (23.73%)1546 (36.69%)503 (16.10%)661 (23.54%)
Drinking status, n (%)
 Never2549 (65.19%)2315 (54.95%)2340 (74.90%)1884 (67.09%)
 Former drinker460 (11.76%)751 (17.83%)317 (10.15%)385 (13.71%)
 Current drinker901 (23.04%)1147 (27.23%)467 (14.95%)539 (19.20%)
tHcy (μmol/L)12.55 (11.35–13.69)19.33 (16.77–24.35)12.37 (11.20–13.56)18.75 (16.51–23.26)
FBG (mmol/L)5.70±1.005.76±1.066.78±2.066.82±1.95
TC (mmol/L)5.06±0.985.06±1.025.22±1.205.37±1.30
TG (mmol/L)1.18 (0.90–1.52)1.15 (0.89–1.47)2.17 (1.70–2.93)2.16 (1.71–2.97)
HDL-C (mmol/L)1.68±0.401.69±0.441.39±0.361.43±0.41
LDL-C (mmol/L)2.84±0.722.87±0.763.11±0.853.22±0.91
Serum uric acid (μmol/L)371.34±102.59441.38±121.07402.35±108.85468.37±127.64
Serum creatinine (mmol/L)59.00 (49.00–70.00)76.00 (63.00–94.00)58.00 (49.00–69.00)75.00 (61.00–92.00)
BUN (mmol/L)5.27±1.445.88±2.134.97±1.385.60±1.98
eGFR (ml/min)96.34±14.3380.17±21.4396.50±15.1080.00±22.05
Total bilirubin (mmol/L)12.80 (9.90–16.40)13.70 (10.60–18.10)12.90 (9.80–16.80)13.80 (10.60–18.00)
Direct bilirubin (mmol/L)5.00 (4.00–6.30)5.40 (4.30–7.00)4.80 (3.80–6.10)5.20 (4.10–6.60)
AST (U/L)23.00 (20.00–28.00)25.00 (21.00–30.00)24.00 (20.00–30.00)25.00 (20.00–31.00)
ALT (U/L)15.00 (12.00–21.00)15.00 (11.00–21.00)20.00 (14.00–28.00)19.00 (14.00–28.00)
Cerebral stroke, n (%)175 (4.48%)315 (7.47%)192 (6.14%)278 (9.90%)
Antihypertensive agents, n (%)2269 (58.03%)2783 (66.04%)2028 (64.92%)2000 (71.23%)
Hypoglycemic agents, n (%)71 (1.82%)66 (1.57%)319 (10.21%)284 (10.11%)
Lipid-lowering agents, n (%)0 (0.00%)0 (0.00%)241 (7.71%)250 (8.90%)
Antiplatelet agents, n (%)56 (1.43%)113 (2.68%)168 (5.38%)190 (6.76%)
Abdominal obesity, n (%)637 (16.29%)511 (12.12%)2205 (70.56%)1868 (66.50%)
Hyperglycemia, n (%)651 (16.65%)849 (20.14%)1864 (59.65%)1862 (66.29%)
T2DM, n (%)256 (6.55%)302 (7.16%)1013 (32.42%)998 (35.53%)
Dyslipidemia, n (%)651 (16.65%)849 (20.14%)1864 (59.65%)1862 (66.29%)
Elevated TG, n (%)548 (14.02%)532 (12.62%)2481 (79.39%)2274 (80.95%)
Reduced HDL-C, n (%)175 (4.48%)171 (4.06%)1333 (42.66%)1041 (37.06%)
HHcy – hyperhomocysteinemia; MS – metabolic syndrome; BMI – body mass index; WHR – waist-hip ratio; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; tHcy – total homocysteine; FBG – fasting blood glucose; TC – total cholesterol; TG – total triglyceride; HDL-C – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; T2DM – type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750