30 August 2021: Review Articles
A Review of the Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Children and Adolescents Worldwide and in Mexico and the Implications for Public Health
Mariana M. Ramírez-Mejía 12ABCDEF , Luis E. Díaz-Orozco 23ABCDEF , Beatriz Barranco-Fragoso 4AEF , Nahum Méndez-Sánchez 23ACD*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.934134
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e934134
Background
Epidemiology of MAFLD in Adults Worldwide and in Mexico
Epidemiology of MAFLD in Children and Adolescents Worldwide and in Mexico
Risk Factors for MAFLD: Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, and Genetics
Pathophysiology of MAFLD in Children and Adolescents
Diagnosis of MAFLD in Children and Adolescents
Prevention of MAFLD in Children and Adolescents
Conclusions
References
Table 2 Diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in children.
| Central obesity: waist circumference >90 percentile adjusted for age and gender |
| Systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg or >90 percentile adjusted for age and gender) |
| Diastolic blood pressure >85 mmHg (or >90 percentile adjusted for age and gender) |
| Treatment with antihypertensive medication |
| Triglyceride’s level higher than 150 mg/dl |
| HDL cholesterol lower than 40 mg/dL |
| Fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL |
| Known T2DM |
| Adapted from International Diabetes Federation’s diagnostic criteria recommendations []. HDL – high density level cholesterol; T2DM – Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. |