16 March 2022 : Clinical Research
Effect of Cerebral Microbleeds on Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Parkinson Disease
Qixiong Qin1ABCDEF, Hengming Wan2C, Danlei Wang1B, Jingyi Li1B, Qingmei Yang1B, Jingwei Zhao1B, Zheng Xue1ADFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.935026
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935026
Table 2 Motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms of participants.
| CMBs free (n=162) | Lobar CMBs (n=15) | Deep CMBs (n=17) | Mixed CMBs (n=10) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HY stage (IQR) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1.25, 3) | 2.5 (1.5, 2.63) | 1.5 (1, 4.5) | 0.779 |
| UDPRS-III (IQR) | 25 (16, 37) | 30 (17. 43) | 40 (21, 46) | 23.5 (13, 42) | 0.237 |
| Rigidity (IQR) | 3 (1, 6) | 4 (3, 9) | 6 (3.5, 8) | 2.5 (2, 5) | 0.030 |
| Bradykinesia (IQR) | 9 (4, 17) | 12 (5, 25) | 20 (7, 23) | 8 (4, 18) | 0.183 |
| Tremor (IQR) | 5 (2, 8) | 5 (1, 7) | 4 (0, 7) | 5 (2, 8) | 0.322 |
| Gait and posture (IQR) | 2 (1, 5) | 4 (2, 8) | 4 (1, 6) | 2 (1, 8) | 0.168 |
| MMSE (IQR) | 28 (25, 29) | 26 (23, 28) | 25 (23, 27)# | 24 (17, 27)# | 0.001 |
| MoCA (IQR) | 24 (20, 26) | 22 (20, 26) | 20 (17, 23)# | 19 (13, 20)# | 0.003 |
| Visuospatial abilities | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 0.5 (0, 3) | 0.102 |
| Naming | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (1.5 3) | 2 (1.75, 3)# | 0.013 |
| Attention | 6 (5, 7) | 5.5 (5, 6) | 5 (4.5, 6)# | 6 (4, 6) | 0.001 |
| Language | 2 (2, 3) | 2.5 (1, 3) | 2 (2, 3) | 2.5 (1.75, 3) | 0.989 |
| Abstraction | 1 (0, 2) | 1.5 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 0.942 |
| Delayed memory | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (1.75, 3) | 1 (0, 3) | 1.5 (0.75, 2.25) | 0.056 |
| Orientation | 6 (6, 6) | 6 (5.75, 6) | 6 (5, 6) | 5 (2, 6)# | 0.012 |
| HAMD (IQR) | 14 (9, 20) | 14 (9, 19) | 17 (9, 19.5) | 10 (3.75, 20) | 0.655 |
| HAMA (IQR) | 9 (6, 13) | 11 (6, 17) | 11 (7, 16) | 6.5 (5.75, 9) | 0.256 |
| RBDSQ | 5 (3, 8) | 3 (1.5, 10) | 2.5 (1, 8) | 3 (2, 6) | 0.463 |
| ESS | 3 (1, 8) | 3 (1, 5) | 3 (1, 7) | 7 (3, 8) | 0.390 |
| Data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). The comparison of groups was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, and Bonferroni corrections were used for multiple comparisons. # Compared with CMBs free group, the difference was statistically significant. CMBs – cerebral microbleeds; UPDRS-III – unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III; MMSE – Mini Mental State Examination; MoCA – Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAMA – Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD – Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; RBDSQ – rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire; ESS – Epworth sleepiness score. | |||||