29 March 2022: Clinical Research
Cognitive and Socioemotional Development at 5 and 9 Years of Age of Children Born with Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight in the Czech Republic
Lucie Švandová 1BDEF , Radek Ptáček 1ABDG* , Martina Vňuková 1BCDE , Hana Ptáčková 1BF , Martin Anders 1E , Petr Bob 1E , Simon Weissenberger 1E , Daniela Marková 2AG , Ivan Sebalo 34CD , Jiří Raboch 1EG , Michal Goetz 5ABDEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.935784
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935784
Table 4 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for subscales of Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS) and birth weight.Number of observations (N)=219. The Wilks’ lambda value was significant (F [8.210]=7.73, P<0.001) as were all the IDS subscales. The strongest associations (as per the R2 value) were observed for subscales of visual perception, phonological memory, and selective attention. Children with normal birth weight (NBW ≥2500 g) as a group perform better than children with very low birth weight (VLBW <1500 g) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW <1000 g) on all subscales evaluated.
| Source | Statistic | df | F(df1) | F(df2) | F | Prob >F | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight | W | 0.77 | 1 | 8.0 | 210.0 | 7.73 | 0.000 | e |
| P | 0.22 | 8.0 | 210.0 | 7.73 | 0.000 | e | ||
| L | 0.29 | 8.0 | 210.0 | 7.73 | 0.000 | e | ||
| R | 0.29 | 8.0 | 210.0 | 7.73 | 0.000 | e | ||
| Residual | 217 | |||||||
| Total | 218 | |||||||
| Visual perception | 219 | 2 | 2.73 | 0.12 | 30.56 | |||
| Selective attention | 219 | 2 | 2.77 | 0.10 | 24.19 | |||
| Phonological memory | 219 | 2 | 3.69 | 0.07 | 16.50 | |||
| Visual-spatial memory | 219 | 2 | 2.66 | 0.02 | 5.39 | 0.021 | ||
| Auditory memory | 219 | 2 | 2.92 | 0.05 | 11.82 | |||
| Visual motor skills | 219 | 2 | 2.61 | 0.11 | 26.94 | |||
| Expressive language | 219 | 2 | 2.94 | 0.07 | 17.78 | |||
| Receptive language | 219 | 2 | 2.86 | 0.06 | 16.13 | |||
| Birth weight | 2.04 | 0.37 | 5.53 | 1.31–2.77 | ||||
| Constant | 8.39 | 0.25 | 33.40 | 7.90–8.89 | ||||
| Birth weight | 1.85 | 0.37 | 4.92 | 1.10–2.59 | ||||
| Constant | 8.40 | 0.25 | 32.90 | 7.90–8.91 | ||||
| Birth weight | 2.03 | 0.50 | 4.06 | 1.04–3.02 | ||||
| Constant | 10.86 | 0.34 | 31.92 | 10.19–11.53 | ||||
| Birth weight | 0.83 | 0.36 | 2.32 | 0.021 | 0.12–1.54 | |||
| Constant | 10.21 | 0.24 | 41.69 | 9.72–10.69 | ||||
| Birth weight | 1.36 | 0.39 | 3.44 | 0.58–2.14 | ||||
| Constant | 9.85 | 0.26 | 36.65 | 9.32–10.38 | ||||
| Birth weight | 1.83 | 0.35 | 5.19 | 1.14–2.53 | ||||
| Constant | 8.16 | 0.24 | 33.92 | 7.68–8.63 | ||||
| Birth weight | 1.68 | 0.39 | 4.22 | 0.89–2.47 | ||||
| Constant | 9.18 | 0.27 | 33.86 | 8.65–9.72 | ||||
| Birth weight | 1.55 | 0.38 | 4.02 | 0.79–2.32 | ||||
| Constant | 9.67 | 0.26 | 36.71 | 9.15–10.19 | ||||
| W – Wilks’ lambda; P – Pillai’s trace; L – Lawley-Hotelling trace; R – Roy’s largest root; e – exact bound on F. | ||||||||