03 June 2022: Clinical Research
Early Enteral Nutrition Can Reduce Incidence of Postoperative Hydrocephalus in Patients with Severe Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Zhi Cai BCE , Kai Zhao AEG , Yu Li BC , Xueyan Wan B , Chunlin Li B , Hongquan Niu DF , Kai Shu DF , Ting Lei A*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.935850
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935850
Table 2 The comparative analysis of patients with hydrocephalus.
| Variables | Acute hydrocephalus (27 vs 119) | P value | Chronic hydrocephalus (20 vs 99) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=27) | No (n=119) | Yes (n=20) | No (n=99) | |||
| Age, years (SD) | 51.3 (11.3) | 51.7 (11.5) | 0.866 | 50.0 (9.4) | 52.1 (11.9) | 0.449 |
| Gender, male (%) | 15 (55.6) | 72 (60.5) | 0.636 | 12 (60.0) | 60 (60.6) | 0.960 |
| Nutritional status at admission | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m (SD) | 24.7 (3.9) | 24.0 (3.5) | 0.376 | 23.4 (4.0) | 24.1 (3.3) | 0.374 |
| Mid-arm muscle circumference, cm (SD) | 30.8 (4.1) | 30.0 (4.6) | 0.411 | 29.3 (4.6) | 30.4 (4.5) | 0.462 |
| Albumin, g/L (M (P, P)) | 40.7 (35.9, 46.8) | 42.8 (39.6, 47.9) | 0.153 | 40.1 (37.4, 45.3) | 43.3 (40.1, 48.2) | 0.110 |
| SGA (%) | 0.834 | 0.688 | ||||
| Well-nourished | 2 (7.4) | 7 (5.9) | 2 (10.0) | 5 (5.1) | ||
| Moderately malnourished6 | 17 (63.0) | 82 (68.9) | 13 (65.0) | 69 (69.7) | ||
| Severely malnourished | 8 (29.6) | 30 (25.2) | 5 (25.0) | 25 (25.2) | ||
| Volume of hematoma, ml (SD) | 45.0 (25.1) | 50.5 (23.1) | 0.272 | 54.3 (27.0) | 49.8 (22.1) | 0.425 |
| SAH (%) | 8 (29.6) | 17 (14.3) | 0.056 | 6 (30.0) | 11 (11.1) | * |
| IVH (%) | 22 (81.5) | 62 (52.1) | * | 17 (85.0) | 45 (45.5) | * |
| Preoperative GCS (M (P, P)) | 5.9 (5, 8) | 6.2 (5, 8) | 0.417 | 5.5 (4, 7) | 6.5 (5, 8) | * |
| Surgical treatment (%) | 0.121 | 0.347 | ||||
| Hematoma removal | 15 (55.6) | 88 (73.9) | 16 (80.0) | 72 (72.7) | ||
| DC | 6 (22.2) | 22 (18.5) | 2 (10.0) | 20 (20.2) | ||
| EVD | 13 (48.1) | 32 (36.9) | 3 (15.0) | 29 (29.2) | ||
| EN application (%) | 0.125 | * | ||||
| Early EN | 6 (11.8) | 45 (88.2) | 3 (6.7) | 42 (93.3) | ||
| Delayed EN | 21 (22.1) | 74 (77.9) | 17 (23.0) | 57 (77.0) | ||
| Postoperative GCS (M (P, P)) | 9.7 (8, 13) | 10.5 (7, 14) | 0.411 | 9.5 (6.3, 12.8) | 10.8 (7, 14) | 0.157 |
| mRS (SD) | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.4) | 0.510 | 4.1 (0.3) | 4.2 (0.4) | 0.376 |
| Nutritional status at two weeks postoperatively | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m (SD) | 23.4 (3.2) | 23.0 (2.9) | 0.485 | 22.6 (3.3) | 23.0 (2.8) | 0.517 |
| Mid-arm muscle circumference, cm (SD) | 29.4 (3.8) | 28.4 (3.9) | 0.252 | 28.3 (4.3) | 28.4 (3.9) | 0.862 |
| Albumin, g/L (SD) | 32.8 (4.0) | 33.8 (5.1) | 0.338 | 34.8 (6.1) | 33.6 (4.9) | 0.342 |
| SGA (%) | 0.180 | 0.634 | ||||
| Well-nourished | 5 (18.5) | 9 (7.6) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (7.1) | ||
| Moderately malnourished | 18 (66.7) | 83 (69.7) | 15 (75.0) | 68 (68.7) | ||
| Severely malnourished | 4 (14.8) | 27 (22.7) | 3 (15.0) | 24 (24.2) | ||
| Laboratory results | ||||||
| White blood cells, 10 (SD) | 15.7 (6.4) | 14.0 (4.7) | 0.137 | 16.5 (4.3) | 13.5 (4.6) | * |
| Neutrophil, 10 (M (P, P)) | 13.3 (8.7, 15.2) | 11.7 (8.4, 14.9) | 0.283 | 14.1 (11.3, 16.9) | 11.2 (8.1, 14.6) | * |
| Lymphocyte, 10 (M (P, P)) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.605 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.477 |
| Monocyte, 10 (SD) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.621 | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.212 |
| Platelet, 10 (M (P, P)) | 277.3 (185, 377) | 262.7 (166, 324) | 0.484 | 256.4 (160, 338) | 263.9 (166, 322) | 0.909 |
| NLR, (M (P, P)) | 14.0 (7.3, 17.2) | 10.6 (7.1, 13.5) | 0.282 | 13.1 (9.9, 14.3) | 10.1 (6.4, 12.4) | * |
| dNLR, (M (P, P)) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.2) | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 0.832 | 2.1 (1.9, 2.2) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.1) | 0.614 |
| MLR, (M (P, P)) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.832 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.614 |
| PLR, (M (P, P)) | 262.7 (198.1, 341.7) | 231.0 (164.3, 275.2) | 0.083 | 242.4 (140.7, 331.0) | 228.7 (166.7, 275.2) | 0.876 |
| CRP, mg/L (M (P, P)) | 50.6 (21.1, 66.0) | 39.5 (10.1, 60.7) | 0.063 | 58.9 (26.8, 80.3) | 35.8 (8.4, 50.5) | * |
| LDH, U/L (M (P, P)) | 309.5 (223, 362) | 286.6 (213, 354) | 0.662 | 316.9 (256, 362) | 278.5 (202, 339) | * |
| BMI – body mass index; CRP – C-reactive protein; DC – decompression craniectomy; dNLR – derived NLR; EN – enteral nutrition; EVD – extraventricular drainage; GCS – Glasgow coma scale; IVH – intraventricular hemorrhage; LDH – lactate dehydrogenase; MLR – monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; mRS – Modified Rankin Scale; NLR – neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR – platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SAH – subarachnoid hemorrhage; SD – standard deviation; SGA – subjective global assessment. * | ||||||