10 June 2022>: Clinical Research
Association Between Serum Homocysteine Levels and Severity of Diabetic Kidney Disease in 489 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Study
Juan Wu 1ABCDEF* , Dengke Liu 12BC* , Liu Yang 3B , Jianping Liu 1BC*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936323
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936323
Table 1 Comparison of the general data and clinical indicators between the CKD stage and T2DM group.
Items | T2DM | DKD | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DKD group | CKD stage 1 | CKD stage 2 | CKD stage 3 | CKD stage 4 | CKD stage 5 | ||
N | 674 | 489 | 164 | 103 | 95 | 71 | 56 |
Sex (M/F) | 394/280 | 303/186 | 104/60 | 60/43 | 63/32 | 38/33 | 38/18 |
Age (year) | 56.80 ±11.67 | 62.79 ±12.37*** | 58.68 ±13.22 | 64.55 ±10.61*** | 64.62 ±11.26*** | 64.94 ±12.11*** | 65.70 ±12.29*** |
BMI (kg/m) | 24.18 ±3.42 | 24.38 ±3.70 | 24.24 ±4.05 | 24.29 ±3.52 | 24.28 ±3.47 | 24.19 ±3.40 | 25.32 ±3.69 |
SBP (mmHg) | 129.13 ±18.89 | 137.80 ±23.67*** | 132.59 ±21.25 | 139.99 ±20.90*** | 136.16 ±23.96* | 141.55 ±27.65*** | 147.05 ±25.86*** |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.44 ±9.33 | 79.49 ±11.39*** | 78.83 ±10.01* | 80.72 ±11.02*** | 78.95 ±11.37 | 77.77 ±12.43 | 82.30 ±13.94*** |
FPG (mmol/L) | 9.45 ±4.03 | 9.08 ±4.57 | 11.04 ±4.92*** | 9.31 ±4.40 | 8.73 ±4.16 | 6.55 ±2.51*** | 6.76 ±3.77*** |
FCP (ng/ml) | 1.83 (1.23, 2.52) | 2.28 (1.43, 3.50)*** | 1.79 (1.16, 2.54) | 2.12 (1.33, 3.05)* | 2.36 (1.65, 3.58)*** | 3.18 (1.99, 3.89)*** | 3.88 (2.39, 4.80)*** |
HbA1c (%) | 9.00 ±2.40 | 8.75 ±2.34 | 10.00 ±2.21*** | 8.70 ±2.05 | 8.44 ±2.20 | 7.92 ±2.16** | 6.77 ±1.58*** |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.96 ±1.16 | 4.86 ±1.47 | 5.19 ±1.38 | 5.14 ±1.24 | 4.68 ±1.74 | 4.49 ±1.55* | 4.19 ±1.11*** |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.42 (0.99, 2.27) | 1.60 (1.12, 2.51)** | 1.64 (1.09, 3.01)* | 1.62 (1.05, 2.51) | 1.63 (1.09, 2.69) | 1.33 (1.11, 2.23) | 1.65 (1.28, 2.36) |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.13 ±0.32 | 1.06 ±0.32*** | 1.09 ±0.30 | 1.14 ±0.35 | 1.03 ±0.30* | 1.02 ±0.38* | 0.95 ±0.24*** |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.97 ±0.91 | 2.86 ±1.08 | 3.15 ±1.03 | 3.06 ±0.89 | 2.70 ±1.22 | 2.56 ±1.12** | 2.29 ±0.84*** |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m) | 119.57 ±24.22 | 70.03 ±43.98*** | 120.85 ±23.87 | 75.11 ±8.97*** | 47.53 ±8.76*** | 22.24 ±3.79*** | 10.64 ±3.31*** |
SUA (μmol/L) | 313.29 ±86.34 | 397.39 ±133.34*** | 322.55 ±88.07 | 377.82 ±101.03*** | 431.69 ±105.74*** | 464.81 ±128.32*** | 508.87 ±194.39*** |
UACR (mg/g) | 6.35 (3.83, 11.34) | 137.21 (41.69, 829.00)*** | 76.72 (42.68, 172.32)*** | 143.56 (53.49, 1055.04)*** | 104.12 (13.95, 797.83)*** | 421.31 (45.53, 2005.63)*** | 1128.98 (282.24, 3234.13)*** |
Hcy (μmol/L) | 11.50 ±4.16 | 16.80 ±8.90*** | 11.59 ±3.39 | 13.97 ±4.10*** | 17.47 ±6.27*** | 22.25 ±9.03*** | 29.17 ±13.27*** |
FA (ng/ml) | 14.25 ±4.51 | 12.07 ±4.97*** | 13.70 ±4.54 | 12.48 ±4.90** | 11.41 ±4.57*** | 10.02 ±4.70*** | 10.28 ±5.62*** |
VitB12 (pg/ml) | 467.48 ±153.55 | 458.86 ±168.34 | 477.52 ±160.06 | 445.38 ±151.32 | 443.16 ±161.03 | 495.03 ±205.48 | 409.75 ±170.42* |
Duration of diabetes (year) | 5.00 (1.00, 10.00) | 10.00 (5.00, 15.00)*** | 7.00 (1.00, 12.00) | 10.00 (5.00, 10.00)*** | 10.00 (8.00, 17.00)*** | 11.00 (7.00, 18.00)*** | 12.50 (9.25, 20.00)*** |
HHcy | 71 (10.5%) | 238 (48.7%)*** | 28 (17.1%) | 38 (36.9%)# | 63 (66.3%)# | 56 (78.9%)# | 53 (94.6%)# |
Hypertension | 204 (30.3%) | 282 (57.7%)*** | 55 (33.5%) | 59 (57.3%)# | 61 (64.2%)# | 56 (78.9%)# | 51 (91.1%)# |
Data are presented as means±standard deviations for normally distributed parameters, medians (25%; 75%) for log-normally distributed parameters, or n (%) for count data. T2DM – type 2 diabetes mellitus; DKD – diabetic kidney disease; CKD – chronic kidney disease; N – number; M – male; F – female; BMI – body mass index; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; FPG – fasting plasma glucose; FCP – fasting C peptide; HbA1c – glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; TC – total cholesterol; TG – triglyceride; HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low-density lipoprotein; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; SUA – serum uric acid; UACR – urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; Hcy – homocysteine; FA – folic acid; VitB12 – vitamin B12; HHcy – hyperhomocysteinemia; Hcy level of >15 μmol/L. * ** *** # |