10 June 2022: Clinical Research
Association Between Serum Homocysteine Levels and Severity of Diabetic Kidney Disease in 489 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Study
Juan Wu 1ABCDEF* , Dengke Liu 12BC* , Liu Yang 3B , Jianping Liu 1BC*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936323
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936323
Table 2 Comparison of the general data and clinical indicators between the albuminuria stage and T2DM group.
| Items | T2DM | DKD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage A1 | Stage A2 | Stage A3 | ||
| N | 674 | 57 | 250 | 182 |
| Sex (M/F) | 394/280 | 33/24 | 151/99 | 119/63 |
| Age (year) | 56.80±11.67 | 69.16±10.34*** | 61.17±13.23*** | 63.01±11.06*** |
| BMI (kg/m) | 24.18±3.42 | 23.61±3.21 | 24.45±3.87 | 24.51±3.59 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.13±18.89 | 127.89±17.72 | 131.71±21.13 | 149.26±24.18*** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.44±9.33 | 75.33±10.45 | 78.06±10.18 | 82.77±12.40*** |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.45±4.03 | 7.95±3.73* | 9.84±4.62 | 8.40±4.56** |
| FCP (ng/ml) | 1.83 (1.23, 2.52) | 2.91 (2.10, 3.65)*** | 2.12 (1.45, 3.20)** | 2.27 (1.28, 3.77)** |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.00±2.40 | 8.01±2.42** | 9.26±2.30 | 8.28±2.22** |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.96±1.16 | 4.29±1.59** | 4.97±1.33 | 4.89±1.57 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.42 (0.99, 2.27) | 1.57 (1.05, 2.31) | 1.68 (1.16, 2.65)** | 1.50 (1.08, 2.40) |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.13±0.32 | 0.99±0.24** | 1.07±0.31* | 1.07±0.35 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.97±0.91 | 2.42±0.91*** | 2.99±0.99 | 2.81±1.19 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m) | 119.57±24.22 | 40.62±16.73*** | 93.66±40.70*** | 46.79±35.52*** |
| SUA (μmol/L) | 313.29±86.34 | 447.83±146.96*** | 368.34±132.90*** | 421.50±120.01*** |
| UACR (mg/g) | 6.35 (3.83, 11.34) | 11.39 (5.31, 20.37)*** | 69.91 (41.11, 137.78)*** | 1425.12 (610.57, 2999.50)*** |
| Hcy (μmol/L) | 11.50±4.16 | 20.14±8.98*** | 14.36±7.11*** | 19.10±10.11*** |
| FA (ng/ml) | 14.25±4.51 | 10.89±4.91*** | 13.08±4.70** | 11.06±5.08*** |
| VitB12 (pg/ml) | 467.48±153.55 | 451.26±174.22 | 485.68±168.86 | 424.38±159.93** |
| Duration of diabetes (year) | 5.00 (1.00, 10.00) | 10.00 (6.50, 15.50)*** | 9.00 (2.00, 13.00)** | 11.00 (9.00, 18.25)*** |
| HHcy | 71 (10.5%) | 43 (75.4%)# | 82 (32.8%)# | 113 (62.1%)# |
| Hypertension | 204 (30.3%) | 34 (59.6%)# | 107 (42.8%)# | 141 (77.5%)# |
| Data are presented as means±standard deviations for normally distributed parameters, medians (25%; 75%) for log-normally distributed parameters, or n (%) for count data. T2DM – type 2 diabetes mellitus; DKD – diabetic kidney disease; N – number; M – male; F – female; BMI – body mass index; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; FPG – fasting plasma glucose; FCP – fasting C peptide; HbA1c – glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; TC – total cholesterol; TG – triglyceride; HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low-density lipoprotein; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; SUA – serum uric acid; UACR – urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; Hcy – homocysteine; FA – folic acid; VitB12 – vitamin B12; HHcy – hyperhomocysteinemia; Hcy level of >15 μmol/L. * ** *** # | ||||