31 July 2022: Clinical Research
A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies Conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on Levels of Dental Anxiety Between Genders and Demographic Groups
Mohammed Y. Tarrosh 1AEF , Yaser Ali Alhazmi 2ABCEG , Mohammed Yahya Aljabri 2ACEFG , Mohammed Mousa H. Bakri 2ABEG , Hamed A. Al Shawkani 1ACEF , Mohammed M. Al Moaleem 34EFG , Thiyezen Abdullah Al-Dhelai 56BCEG , Shilpa Bhandi 1BCEF , Shankargouda Patil 2ADE*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937470
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937470
Table 1 Characteristics of selected studies conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| Researcher(s)/Year | Region/City | Sample size & type | Indexes used | Gender ↑ significant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARiyadh & Magmmah | Medicine 40.6%, Nursing 31.7%Dentistry 27.7% | Male 24%Female 76% | ||
| SARiyadh | ---------------Male 42%Female 58% | |||
| SARiyadh | Male ↑Male 68%Female 32% | |||
| SARiyadh | Females↑ MarriedMale 68.9%Female 31.1% | |||
| SARiyadh | 91% Saudi | ----------------- | ||
| SAQassim | Male ↑60% Male40% Female | |||
| SABuraidahRR 80% | Females ↑ | |||
| SATaibah | Male 33%Female 67% | Female ↑ | ||
| SAJeddah | Female ↑ | |||
| SAJeddah | Female ↑Male 61%Female 39% | |||
| SAJeddah & Dammam | Jeddah 48%Dammam 52%Educational level BDS 79% | Female ↑Male 49%Female 51% | ||
| SADammam | Female ↑Male 55%Female 45% | |||
| SAAljouf | Female ↑Male 65%Female 35% | |||
| SAHail Mailed | Male ↑Male 44%Female 56% | |||
| SAAljouf | Medical 13%Dental 10%Arts 58%Computer-Sicn 18% | Female ↑ | ||
| SAJazan | Male ↑Male 63%Female 37% | |||
| SAJazan | Khat chewers 71% | EqualMale 76%Female 34% | ||
| SAJazan | Female ↑ | |||
| SAJazan | Male ↑Male 68%Female 32% | |||
| Mean MDAS 14 (Nursing 12.6%, Medicine 10.2%, dentist 9.2%18–22-age-group 55% | Dental student’s ↓ dental anxiety.SD ↔ DS & NS and SD ↔ MS & NSNSD ↔ MS & DSSD ↔ students good with had a bad dental experience52% visit the Dentist when having problems, and 51% reported that their last dental visit was six months ago | |||
| 21–30 age-group ↑ 39%Anxiety Low 42%; Moderate 26%; Anxious 20%; Highly Anxious 12% | SD ↔ anxiety Open mouth, LA injection& Day before a visitNSD ↔ Tooth drilling & Dentist angry with the nurseThe highest frequency is 30% During drilling instruments, very anxious high at 35% Dentist is angry with the nurse | |||
| 12.1 Male ↑ & 11.1 Female Low 48%; Mild 35%; High 10%; Sever 7.0% | Anxiety ↓ as the level of study ↑Educational sessions & graded exposure therapy during the initial phase of dental training could ↓ DA | |||
| 20 years the highest and 3 years mostOverall high Anxiety received | Stressful ↑ by Workload, Amount of assigned classwork, late ending day followed by lack of time for relaxation, 4, 5 Clinical requirementsPatient treatment, Performance pressure, Social stressors are significantly more stressful in married subjects | |||
| Young age Low;16%; Medium56%; High29% | Extraction ↑, Then 1-time Dentist, ↓ never been to DentistThe lowest fear was for prevention | |||
| Students/Anxiety High or Sever 89%; Medium-Low 5.1% & scored 19 Students/Anxiety High or Sever 60.9%; 39.1% Moderate – Low | SD ↔ Medical & Dental students; Have you gone?; For what?; How often with SD. ↔ StudentsTooth drilling and scaling ↔ More anxious | |||
| 16–20 years with ↑Overall-Anxiety 10.2Male – 9.8 & Female – 10.5 | SD ↔ Age groups, Education LevelEducation level ↑ Dental AnxietyAnxiety ↑ With Extraction, RCT, LA injection | |||
| 19–22 age-group Low 52%; Moderate 39%; High9% | SD ↔ Pre-clinical&clinical students, anxiety parametersThe anesthetic injection was the highest cause of DAThe muscle becomes tense” highest mean score, then breathing rate increases and “heartbeats faster” | |||
| Overall Anxiety 50.6%Less than 40 years Low 49%; Moderate 31%; High 11%; Sever 9% | SD ↔ Age-group, Education, Income, ProfessionalExtraction 46.0%; Sweaty hands 56.1%; fast breathing 21.5% & ↑ heart rates 13.6% during visiting dentists | |||
| 11–15 years Low 33.3%; Moderate 36.5: High 6.1%; Sever 24.2% | SD ↔ Age, Type of school↑ Anxious during teeth extractions & root canal treatment, LA injection, Sound of drilling | |||
| ↑ Less than 20-yers-old 59%Slightly 42%; Moderate 30.4%; Extremely Anxious 27.5% 22.7% & J 31.9% ↑ | SD ↔ City, Gender, Education, 1 appointmentNSD ↔ Age-group & IncomeMost Anxiety; LA Injection & ↓ Next-dental visitRCT is 1, then Restoration, ExtractionBad experience with a Dentist | |||
| 18–20 age-years ↑Overall Anxiety is 27%.51.4%; Secondary Diploma,53.7%; Married87.2%; Urban areas | SD ↔ Age groups, Previous Trauma, Dental proceduresAnesthetic injection 88.2%; Dental surgery 35.7%; Extraction 23%Causes irregular visits Fear; 57%; Lack time 79.5%; Cost 71.5%; Distance 62.2% 31% No specific reason | |||
| Overall Anxiety Score 11.421–35-age-year, Younger Patients ↑ Low 48%; Moderate 22.1%; High 17.1%; Extremely anxious 12.4% | SD ↔ Age group, Previous dental visitsNSD ↔ Level educationPrevious unpleasant dental experience ↑ MDAS score | |||
| Overall Anxiety Score 9.1↑ 19–22 age-year Low 50%; Moderate 34%; High 11%; Very high 5% (Phobia) | Dental student’s ↓ level of DA (High 2.7%) & High and Dental Phobia for Pharmacy, Applied Science, Medicine (13 & 7%; 16 & 5: 10 & 5)Half participant experiences some level of DA.Study field associated significantly with degree DA | |||
| Overall Male 13-Female 14.5 & Dentistry 12.26; Medicine 12.79; Arts 14.02; Computer Sins 14.0418 years-age ↑ anxiety | Medical S & Dental S ↓ anxious than arts & computer scienceSD ↔ ↑ level of study → ↓ in the level of AnxietyLocal anesthesia most fearful step, than drilling teeth | |||
| Young adult (18–39) ↑ Low 19%; Moderate 36.8%; High 17.4%; Sever 26.6% | SD ↔ Age-groups, Educational level, Educational level, Marital status, Monthly incomeSevere DA among high school-educated, patients chewed khat had severe DA, patients government hospitals, followed patients’ private clinics. | |||
| Overall Anxiety Low-ModerateLow 40%; Moderate 38%; High 18%; Sever 4%Anxiety RCT 33.8% Genders & 34.3% khat-chewers. | SD ↔ Gender & Khat-chewers with Anxiety parameters and anesthesia injection, and drilling of teeth in MDAS.LA-injection & tooth drilling of MDAS 36.6% for Gender & Khat-groups → moderately & extremely anxiousRCT 1 treatments, fear of pain cause irregular visits | |||
| Low 26.5%; Mild 7.8%; Moderate 24.3%; Sever 13.4; Extremely-Sever 28% Low 49.2%; Mild 16.2%; Moderate 19.2%; Sever 16.4; Extremely-Sever 3.9% | A ↑ Divorced & Married, Low income, GPAKhat ↑ rates anxiety symptoms & depression↑ Non-science colleges↑ 1 to 3 year | |||
| Age less than 21 years Low 24.2%; Slightly 24.7%; Fairly 26.5%; Very-Anxious 13.2%; Extremely – Anxious 9.7% (Phobic) | NSD ↔ Age-groupsAnxious mostly about tooth drilling & LA injection | |||
| SA – Saudi Arabia; RR – response rate; DA – dental anxiety; SD – significant differences; NSD – non significant differences; US – University Students; DS – Dental Students; MS – Medical Students; NS – Nurses Students; AP – adult patients; AGs – age groups; ↑ – Increase-; ↓ – Decrease; % – percentage-; ↔ – between; MDAS – Modified Dental Anxiety Stress; DAS-R – Dental Anxiety Scale-Revised; NCDAS – Norman Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale. | ||||