31 July 2022 : Clinical Research
A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies Conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on Levels of Dental Anxiety Between Genders and Demographic Groups
Mohammed Y. Tarrosh1AEF, Yaser Ali Alhazmi2ABCEG, Mohammed Yahya Aljabri2ACEFG, Mohammed Mousa H. Bakri
2ABEG, Hamed A. Al Shawkani1ACEF, Mohammed M. Al Moaleem34EFG, Thiyezen Abdullah Al-Dhelai 56BCEG, Shilpa Bhandi1BCEF, Shankargouda Patil2ADE*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937470
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937470
Table 1 Characteristics of selected studies conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| Researcher(s)/Year | Region/City | Sample size & type | Indexes used | Gender ↑ significant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARiyadh & Magmmah | Medicine 40.6%, Nursing 31.7%Dentistry 27.7% | Male 24%Female 76% | ||
| SARiyadh | ---------------Male 42%Female 58% | |||
| SARiyadh | Male ↑Male 68%Female 32% | |||
| SARiyadh | Females↑ MarriedMale 68.9%Female 31.1% | |||
| SARiyadh | 91% Saudi | ----------------- | ||
| SAQassim | Male ↑60% Male40% Female | |||
| SABuraidahRR 80% | Females ↑ | |||
| SATaibah | Male 33%Female 67% | Female ↑ | ||
| SAJeddah | Female ↑ | |||
| SAJeddah | Female ↑Male 61%Female 39% | |||
| SAJeddah & Dammam | Jeddah 48%Dammam 52%Educational level BDS 79% | Female ↑Male 49%Female 51% | ||
| SADammam | Female ↑Male 55%Female 45% | |||
| SAAljouf | Female ↑Male 65%Female 35% | |||
| SAHail Mailed | Male ↑Male 44%Female 56% | |||
| SAAljouf | Medical 13%Dental 10%Arts 58%Computer-Sicn 18% | Female ↑ | ||
| SAJazan | Male ↑Male 63%Female 37% | |||
| SAJazan | Khat chewers 71% | EqualMale 76%Female 34% | ||
| SAJazan | Female ↑ | |||
| SAJazan | Male ↑Male 68%Female 32% | |||
| Mean MDAS 14 (Nursing 12.6%, Medicine 10.2%, dentist 9.2%18–22-age-group 55% | Dental student’s ↓ dental anxiety.SD ↔ DS & NS and SD ↔ MS & NSNSD ↔ MS & DSSD ↔ students good with had a bad dental experience52% visit the Dentist when having problems, and 51% reported that their last dental visit was six months ago | |||
| 21–30 age-group ↑ 39%Anxiety Low 42%; Moderate 26%; Anxious 20%; Highly Anxious 12% | SD ↔ anxiety Open mouth, LA injection& Day before a visitNSD ↔ Tooth drilling & Dentist angry with the nurseThe highest frequency is 30% During drilling instruments, very anxious high at 35% Dentist is angry with the nurse | |||
| 12.1 Male ↑ & 11.1 Female Low 48%; Mild 35%; High 10%; Sever 7.0% | Anxiety ↓ as the level of study ↑Educational sessions & graded exposure therapy during the initial phase of dental training could ↓ DA | |||
| 20 years the highest and 3 years mostOverall high Anxiety received | Stressful ↑ by Workload, Amount of assigned classwork, late ending day followed by lack of time for relaxation, 4, 5 Clinical requirementsPatient treatment, Performance pressure, Social stressors are significantly more stressful in married subjects | |||
| Young age Low;16%; Medium56%; High29% | Extraction ↑, Then 1-time Dentist, ↓ never been to DentistThe lowest fear was for prevention | |||
| Students/Anxiety High or Sever 89%; Medium-Low 5.1% & scored 19 Students/Anxiety High or Sever 60.9%; 39.1% Moderate – Low | SD ↔ Medical & Dental students; Have you gone?; For what?; How often with SD. ↔ StudentsTooth drilling and scaling ↔ More anxious | |||
| 16–20 years with ↑Overall-Anxiety 10.2Male – 9.8 & Female – 10.5 | SD ↔ Age groups, Education LevelEducation level ↑ Dental AnxietyAnxiety ↑ With Extraction, RCT, LA injection | |||
| 19–22 age-group Low 52%; Moderate 39%; High9% | SD ↔ Pre-clinical&clinical students, anxiety parametersThe anesthetic injection was the highest cause of DAThe muscle becomes tense” highest mean score, then breathing rate increases and “heartbeats faster” | |||
| Overall Anxiety 50.6%Less than 40 years Low 49%; Moderate 31%; High 11%; Sever 9% | SD ↔ Age-group, Education, Income, ProfessionalExtraction 46.0%; Sweaty hands 56.1%; fast breathing 21.5% & ↑ heart rates 13.6% during visiting dentists | |||
| 11–15 years Low 33.3%; Moderate 36.5: High 6.1%; Sever 24.2% | SD ↔ Age, Type of school↑ Anxious during teeth extractions & root canal treatment, LA injection, Sound of drilling | |||
| ↑ Less than 20-yers-old 59%Slightly 42%; Moderate 30.4%; Extremely Anxious 27.5% 22.7% & J 31.9% ↑ | SD ↔ City, Gender, Education, 1 appointmentNSD ↔ Age-group & IncomeMost Anxiety; LA Injection & ↓ Next-dental visitRCT is 1, then Restoration, ExtractionBad experience with a Dentist | |||
| 18–20 age-years ↑Overall Anxiety is 27%.51.4%; Secondary Diploma,53.7%; Married87.2%; Urban areas | SD ↔ Age groups, Previous Trauma, Dental proceduresAnesthetic injection 88.2%; Dental surgery 35.7%; Extraction 23%Causes irregular visits Fear; 57%; Lack time 79.5%; Cost 71.5%; Distance 62.2% 31% No specific reason | |||
| Overall Anxiety Score 11.421–35-age-year, Younger Patients ↑ Low 48%; Moderate 22.1%; High 17.1%; Extremely anxious 12.4% | SD ↔ Age group, Previous dental visitsNSD ↔ Level educationPrevious unpleasant dental experience ↑ MDAS score | |||
| Overall Anxiety Score 9.1↑ 19–22 age-year Low 50%; Moderate 34%; High 11%; Very high 5% (Phobia) | Dental student’s ↓ level of DA (High 2.7%) & High and Dental Phobia for Pharmacy, Applied Science, Medicine (13 & 7%; 16 & 5: 10 & 5)Half participant experiences some level of DA.Study field associated significantly with degree DA | |||
| Overall Male 13-Female 14.5 & Dentistry 12.26; Medicine 12.79; Arts 14.02; Computer Sins 14.0418 years-age ↑ anxiety | Medical S & Dental S ↓ anxious than arts & computer scienceSD ↔ ↑ level of study → ↓ in the level of AnxietyLocal anesthesia most fearful step, than drilling teeth | |||
| Young adult (18–39) ↑ Low 19%; Moderate 36.8%; High 17.4%; Sever 26.6% | SD ↔ Age-groups, Educational level, Educational level, Marital status, Monthly incomeSevere DA among high school-educated, patients chewed khat had severe DA, patients government hospitals, followed patients’ private clinics. | |||
| Overall Anxiety Low-ModerateLow 40%; Moderate 38%; High 18%; Sever 4%Anxiety RCT 33.8% Genders & 34.3% khat-chewers. | SD ↔ Gender & Khat-chewers with Anxiety parameters and anesthesia injection, and drilling of teeth in MDAS.LA-injection & tooth drilling of MDAS 36.6% for Gender & Khat-groups → moderately & extremely anxiousRCT 1 treatments, fear of pain cause irregular visits | |||
| Low 26.5%; Mild 7.8%; Moderate 24.3%; Sever 13.4; Extremely-Sever 28% Low 49.2%; Mild 16.2%; Moderate 19.2%; Sever 16.4; Extremely-Sever 3.9% | A ↑ Divorced & Married, Low income, GPAKhat ↑ rates anxiety symptoms & depression↑ Non-science colleges↑ 1 to 3 year | |||
| Age less than 21 years Low 24.2%; Slightly 24.7%; Fairly 26.5%; Very-Anxious 13.2%; Extremely – Anxious 9.7% (Phobic) | NSD ↔ Age-groupsAnxious mostly about tooth drilling & LA injection | |||
| SA – Saudi Arabia; RR – response rate; DA – dental anxiety; SD – significant differences; NSD – non significant differences; US – University Students; DS – Dental Students; MS – Medical Students; NS – Nurses Students; AP – adult patients; AGs – age groups; ↑ – Increase-; ↓ – Decrease; % – percentage-; ↔ – between; MDAS – Modified Dental Anxiety Stress; DAS-R – Dental Anxiety Scale-Revised; NCDAS – Norman Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale. | ||||