16 November 2022 : Clinical Research
A Prospective Observational Study Conducted at a Single Center in Japan to Validate a Previously Developed Predictive Formula of In-Hospital Mortality for Patients Aged ≥65 Years with Endogenous Diseases Transported by Ambulance
Motoshi Fujiwara1ABDEF, Masaki Tago
1ABDEFG*, Risa Hirata 1BCDEF, Shun Yamashita 1BCDF, Naoko E. Katsuki1CDF, Noriko Ide12ABD, Tomoyo M. Nishi12ABD, Yoshimasa Oda2ABD, Masanori Nishiyama2AD, Shu-ichi Yamashita1ADEG
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938385
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938385
Table 1 Patient backgrounds.
| All patients (n=325) | Group D (In-hospital death) (n=42) | Group S (Surviving) (n=283) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age* | 84 (78–91) | 89 (84–94) | 84 (77–91) | 0.001 |
| Aged ≥90 years | 107 (33) | 20 (48) | 87 (31) | 0.030 |
| Men | 139 (43) | 20 (48) | 119 (42) | 0.496 |
| Duration of hospitalization* | 12 (6–21) | 8 (4–20) | 13 (6–22) | 0.053 |
| Infusion volume at 24 hours (mL) * | 1775 (1200–2500) | 1800 (1200–2650) | 1760 (1200–2450) | 0.862 |
| Vasopressors | 23 (7) | 7 (17) | 16 (6) | 0.009 |
| Treated by the primary care physician | 56 (17) | 7 (17) | 49 (17) | 0.917 |
| Prehospital treatment | 4 (1) | 1 (2) | 3 (1) | 0.469 |
| Peripheral access before hospital visit | 39 (12) | 7 (17) | 32 (11) | 0.319 |
| Number of prescribed drugs,* | 6 (3–9) | 8 (5–10) | 6 (3–8) | 0.031 |
| Antihypertensive medications*** | 199/288 (69) | 24/36 (67) | 175/252 (69) | 0.736 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| GCS-E* | 4 (4–4) | 4 (3–4) | 4 (4–4) | 0.003 |
| GCS-V* | 5 (4–5) | 4 (2–5) | 5 (4–5) | <0.001 |
| GCS-M* | 6 (6–6) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (6–6) | 0.001 |
| GCS-Total* | 15 (14–15) | 14 (11–15) | 15 (14–15) | <0.001 |
| Disturbance of consciousness | 106/323 (33) | 24/42 (57) | 82/281 (11) | <0.001 |
| Body temperature* | 37 (36–38) | 37 (36–38) | 37 (36–38) | 0.379 |
| Pulse rate (beats/min)* | 86 (72–102) | 91 (77–112) | 86 (72–101) | 0.115 |
| Systolic BP* | 142 (117–163) | 133 (108–170) | 142 (120–163) | 0.575 |
| Diastolic BP* | 79 (68–93) | 79 (66–102) | 79 (68–92) | 0.502 |
| Respiration rate (breaths/min)* | 20 (17–22) | 22 (18–24) | 19 (16–22) | 0.068 |
| SpO* | 97 (95–99) | 96 (93–98) | 97 (95–99) | 0.004 |
| Shock index ≥1**** | 40/322 (12) | 8/41 (20) | 32/281 (11) | 0.141 |
| Shock index,* | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.109 |
| Age × Shock index,* | 52 (41–66) | 64 (45–81) | 51 (40–63) | 0.029 |
| q-SOFA* | 1 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–1) | <0.001 |
| q-SOFA ≥2 | 52 (16) | 16 (38) | 36 (13) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen administration* | 0 (0–3) | 3 (0–6) | 0 (0–3) | 0.010 |
| Oxygen administration ≥5 L/min | 66 (20) | 17 (40) | 49 (17) | <0.001 |
| Barthel Index* | 55 (15–90) | 15 (0–36) | 60 (20–95) | <0.001 |
| ABC Dementia Scale* | 97 (66–117) | 69 (53–104) | 101 (68–117) | <0.001 |
| Bedriddenness rank | <0.001 | |||
| Normal | 62 (19) | 0 | 62 (22) | |
| J: J1 + J2 | 22 (7) | 0 | 22 (8) | |
| A: A1 + A2 | 51 (16) | 5 (12) | 46 (16) | |
| B: B1 + B2 | 59 (18) | 2 (5) | 57 (20) | |
| C: C1 + C2 | 131 (40) | 35 (83) | 96 (34) | |
| Cognitive function score | 0.005 | |||
| Normal | 113 (35) | 5 (12) | 108 (38) | |
| I | 46 (14) | 6 (14) | 40 (14) | |
| II: IIa + IIb | 70 (22) | 11 (26) | 59 (21) | |
| III: IIIa + IIIb | 79 (24) | 15 (36) | 64 (23) | |
| IV | 17 (5) | 5 (12) | 12 (4) | |
| * These values are median (interquartile range). The other values are n (%); ** n=288; *** antihypertensive medications as those taking one or more of the following: α-blockers, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, nitrates, and eplerenone; **** shock index was calculated as heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure. GCS – Glasgow coma scale; BP – blood pressure; SpO – oxygen saturation; q-SOFA – quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. | ||||