19 December 2022: Clinical Research
Retrospective Evaluation of Hematological and Clinical Factors Associated with 30-Day Mortality in 170 Patients Diagnosed with Intracerebral Hematoma in a Single Center in Turkey
Bulent Gulensoy C*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938674
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938674
Table 1 Summary of patients’ clinicodemographic characteristics and laboratory measurements with regard to 30-day mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hematoma.
| 30-days mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=170) | No (n=86) | Yes (n=84) | p | |
| Age | 66.29±13.99 | 63.91±14.35 | 68.51±13.36 | 0.052 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 89 (52.4%) | 42 (48.8%) | 47 (56.0%) | 0.353 |
| Female | 81 (47.6%) | 44 (51.2%) | 37 (44.0%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 99.75±23.09 | 103.58±23.06 | 95.82±22.59 | |
| Glasgow coma scale | 10 (5–12) | 11 (10–13) | 6 (3–10) | |
| Ischemic infarct | 8 (4.8%) | 2 (2.4%) | 6 (7.2%) | 0.165 |
| Hypertension | 108 (63.9%) | 56 (65.1%) | 52 (62.7%) | 0.739 |
| Arrhythmia | 4 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (4.8%) | 0.056 |
| Arteriovenous malformation | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | N/A |
| Aneurysm | 4 (2.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (3.7%) | 0.364 |
| Bleeding disorder | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | N/A |
| Anticoagulant use | 38 (22.4%) | 10 (11.6%) | 28 (33.3%) | |
| Accompanying infection | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | N/A |
| Volume of hematoma, cm | 10 (5–20) | 7 (4.13–13.13) | 15 (8–33) | |
| Location of hematoma | ||||
| Frontal lobe | 21 (14.7%) | 10 (13.9%) | 11 (15.5%) | 0.903 |
| Temporal lobe | 29 (20.3%) | 15 (20.8%) | 14 (19.7%) | |
| Parietal lobe | 33 (23.1%) | 14 (19.4%) | 19 (26.8%) | |
| Occipital lobe | 3 (2.1%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.8%) | |
| Cerebellum | 11 (7.7%) | 6 (8.3%) | 5 (7.0%) | |
| Basal ganglia | 43 (30.1%) | 24 (33.3%) | 19 (26.8%) | |
| Brain stem | 3 (2.1%) | 2 (2.8%) | 1 (1.4%) | |
| Intraventricular hematoma | 71 (44.7%) | 28 (35.0%) | 43 (54.4%) | |
| Etiology* | ||||
| Idiopathic | 46 (27.5%) | 26 (31.0%) | 20 (24.1%) | 0.413 |
| Hypertension | 106 (63.5%) | 55 (65.5%) | 51 (61.4%) | 0.589 |
| Anticoagulant use | 36 (21.6%) | 8 (9.5%) | 28 (33.7%) | |
| Aneurysm | 4 (2.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (3.6%) | 0.367 |
| Other | 2 (1.2%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.497 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Surgery | 38 (22.6%) | 13 (15.3%) | 25 (30.1%) | |
| Conservative | 130 (77.4%) | 72 (84.7%) | 58 (69.9%) | |
| Time of surgery, days | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.053 |
| Time of mortality, days | 10 (5.5–15) | – | 10 (5.5–15) | N/A |
| Hemoglobin | 12.65±2.38 | 13.09±2.11 | 12.20±2.56 | |
| Platelet (×10) | 233 (184–285) | 255.5 (208–294) | 216 (163–264.5) | |
| Albumin | 3.94 (3.31–4.21) | 4.01 (3.61–4.26) | 3.76 (3.18–4.14) | 0.065 |
| PT | 14.8 (13.8–17.25) | 14.45 (13.5–16.0) | 15.1 (14.0–19.25) | |
| aPTT | 28.75 (25.8–34.6) | 28.7 (25.3–31.9) | 28.8 (26.7–39.9) | |
| INR | 1.15 (1.06–1.41) | 1.12 (1.04–1.26) | 1.19 (1.10–1.60) | |
| CRP | 9.56 (4.34–48.02) | 6.60 (3.71–35.14) | 14.04 (6.35–66.90) | |
| WBC (×10) | 12.57 (8.93–16.43) | 12.40 (9.51–15.99) | 13.00 (8.49–17.45) | 0.907 |
| Neutrophil (×10), 1 day | 10.01 (7.10–14.46) | 10.03 (7.15–13.87) | 9.72 (6.84–15.44) | 0.839 |
| Lymphocyte (×10), 1 day | 1.10 (0.70–1.87) | 1.11 (0.75–1.87) | 1.05 (0.66–1.86) | 0.285 |
| Neutrophil (×10), 3 day | 10.63 (7.80–14.98) | 10.62 (7.98–13.58) | 10.64 (7.63–17.36) | 0.629 |
| Lymphocyte (×10), 3 day | 0.70 (0.43–1.11) | 0.80 (0.48–1.30) | 0.60 (0.40–1.00) | |
| Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | ||||
| 1 day | 9.08 (5.45–15.00) | 9.60 (4.73–14.97) | 8.85 (5.68–15.29) | 0.774 |
| 3 day | 16.98 (9.49–25.67) | 15.03 (6.64–23.22) | 18.87 (12.39–26.83) | |
| p (within groups) | ||||
| Change** | 6.26 (−2.33–13.73) | 3.17 (−2.28–12.10) | 7.89 (−2.57–16.64) | 0.194 |
| Change, %** | 65.93 (−18.71–231.19) | 31.24 (−16.95–202.25) | 93.38 (−22.97–247.12) | 0.255 |
| Data are summarized as mean±standard deviation or median (first quartile – third quartile) for continuous variables according to normality of distribution and as frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. * Patients may have more than 1 etiology. ** Positive values represent an increase and negative values represent a decrease. aPTT – activated partial thromboplastin time; CRP – C-reactive protein; INR – international normalized ratio; PT – prothrombin time; WBC – white blood cells. | ||||