Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Lower Back Pain Associated with Spinal Stenosis: A Narrative Review

23 February 2023 : Review article

Dawid Sobański^12ADEF*, Rafał Staszkiewicz^13ADEF, Magdalena Stachura^24EF, Marcin Gadzieliński^3EF, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek^13AEF

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939237

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939237

Background Causes of Pain Syndromes of the Lumbar Spine General Characteristics of Degenerative Stenosis of the Lumbar Region of the Spine Pathomechanism of Pain Syndromes of the Spine Clinical Symptoms for Patients with Stenosis of the Lumbar Region of the Spine Differentiation in Degenerative Stenosis of the Lumbar Spine Radiological Diagnosis of Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis of the Spine Pharmacotherapy, Rehabilitation, and Surgical Treatment of Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Stenosis Rehabilitation Treatment of Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Stenosis Future Directions Conclusions References

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Table 2 Categories of spinal pain according to the location of pain and the type of pathology.

Category	Cause of pain
Static-muscular pain	Resulting from long-term or inappropriate pressure on the spine connected with the overburdening and extending of its structures
Reflex muscular pain	Occurring as a consequence of reflex muscle contraction caused by irritation of the nerve roots
Dural pain	Generally acute in its character and occurring with vertebrae damage or osteoporosis
Vegetative pain	Resulting from irritation of the sympathetic nerves

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