23 February 2023>: Review Articles
Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Lower Back Pain Associated with Spinal Stenosis: A Narrative Review
Dawid Sobański 12ADEF* , Rafał Staszkiewicz 13ADEF , Magdalena Stachura 24EF , Marcin Gadzieliński 3EF , Beniamin Oskar Grabarek 13AEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.939237
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939237
Background
Causes of Pain Syndromes of the Lumbar Spine
General Characteristics of Degenerative Stenosis of the Lumbar Region of the Spine
Pathomechanism of Pain Syndromes of the Spine
Clinical Symptoms for Patients with Stenosis of the Lumbar Region of the Spine
Differentiation in Degenerative Stenosis of the Lumbar Spine
Radiological Diagnosis of Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis of the Spine
Pharmacotherapy, Rehabilitation, and Surgical Treatment of Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Stenosis
Rehabilitation Treatment of Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Stenosis
Future Directions
Conclusions
References
Table 3 Categories of spinal pain according to the structures, which may be the potential source of back pain.
Category | Cause of pain |
---|---|
Skeletal | Occurs as a result of irritation of receptors of perivascular blood vessels of the cancellated bone of intervertebral bodies and arches, as a consequence of mechanical damage, eg, fractures of intervertebral bodies in osteoporosis, osteomalacia, injuries, or cancers |
Musculo-articular, fascial, and ligament | As a consequence of chemical or mechanical irritation of nociceptive receptors of such perispinal structures as joint capsules, tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments |
Vascular | As a result of mechanical irritation (due to venous stasis and vein distention caused by elevated venous pressure in the area of the abdomen and the chest) of nerve endings located in the walls of the vertebral venous plexuses |
Neurological | Meaning secondary pain occurring as a result of the dysfunction of nerves connecting the spinal cord with the peripheral system of receptors of perispinal tissues |
Dural | Connected with pressure on the front part of the dura mater |