21 June 2023: Clinical Research
Plantar Pressure Distribution and Posture Balance During Walking in Individuals with Unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability: An Observational Study
Dong-ping Wan 1CDEF* , Huan-li Bao 1BEF* , Jian-peng Wang 1BD , Jie Wei 2C , Jian-bing Ma 1E , Shu-xin Yao 1AEG* , Chao Xu 1ADEFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940252
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940252
Table 2 Comparison of the plantar pressure parameters of the CAI and control group.
| Parameters | CAI group | Control group | P1 | ES1 | P2 | ES2 | P3 | ES3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affected side | Unaffected side | ||||||||
| T1 | 1.49±0.32 | 1.58±0.38 | 2.16±0.34 | 0.284 | 0.21 | * | 0.88 | 0.004* | 0.74 |
| M1 | 1.19±0.23 | 1.27±0.21 | 1.40±0.43 | 0.681 | 0.15 | * | 0.84 | 0.096 | 0.69 |
| M2 | 3.29±0.43 | 3.33±0.29 | 3.69±0.29 | 0.742 | 0.13 | 0.027* | 0.81 | 0.124 | 0.66 |
| M3 | 3.08±0.35 | 3.02±0.38 | 3.05±0.36 | 0.124 | 0.35 | 0.496 | 0.45 | 0.248 | 0.21 |
| M4 | 1.46±0.28 | 1.45±0.35 | 1.47±0.39 | 0.253 | 0.15 | 0.858 | 0.63 | 0.749 | 0.39 |
| M5 | 1.19±0.25 | 1.07±0.20 | 0.99±0.15 | 0.817 | 0.25 | * | 0.93 | 0.076 | 0.42 |
| LH | 4.55±0.41 | 4.38±0.44 | 4.18±0.35 | 0.073 | 0.41 | * | 0.91 | 0.036* | 0.68 |
| MH | 3.78±0.36 | 3.89±0.25 | 4.05±0.22 | 0.281 | 0.29 | * | 0.87 | 0.058 | 0.61 |
| T1 | 77.26±8.39 | 76.85±6.48 | 76.39±7.49 | 0.426 | 0.65 | 0.475 | 0.58 | 0.488 | 0.32 |
| M1 | 68.25±7.03 | 67.99±6.85 | 68.45±6.82 | 0.431 | 0.51 | 0.216 | 0.36 | 0.357 | 0.22 |
| M2 | 74.55±8.45 | 74.25±7.86 | 74.13±9.31 | 0.615 | 0.22 | 0.829 | 0.25 | 0.743 | 0.47 |
| M3 | 72.95±6.83 | 71.22±6.74 | 70.69±5.95 | 0.044* | 0.86 | * | 0.83 | 0.191 | 0.63 |
| M4 | 65.74±6.28 | 62.88±5.79 | 60.29±6.04 | * | 0.91 | * | 0.81 | 0.025* | 0.80 |
| M5 | 54.23±5.88 | 53.88±6.08 | 52.48±5.44 | 0.762 | 0.46 | 0.417 | 0.33 | 0.338 | 0.25 |
| LH | 15.88±4.02 | 15.76±3.79 | 15.68±4.28 | 0.845 | 0.37 | 0.875 | 0.51 | 0.569 | 0.56 |
| MH | 17.61±5.21 | 16.98±4.89 | 17.53±5.11 | 0.716 | 0.23 | 0.791 | 0.19 | 0.548 | 0.21 |
| Anterior-posterior | 0.37±0.08 | 0.48±0.06 | 0.52±0.08 | 0.071 | 0.73 | * | 0.88 | 0.087 | 0.41 |
| Medial-lateral | 0.08±0.01 | 0.10±0.02 | 0.13±0.04 | 0.032* | 0.61 | * | 0.83 | 0.012* | 0.63 |
| Anterior-posterior | 8.98±0.48 | 9.03±0.35 | 4.57±0.30 | 0.274 | 0.35 | * | 0.95 | * | 0.85 |
| Medial-lateral | 7.71±0.41 | 7.98±0.45 | 5.66±0.51 | 0.554 | 0.49 | * | 0.91 | * | 0.81 |
| CAI – chronic ankle instability; PF/W – peak force/weight; TPF – time to peak force; TTB – time to boundary; COP – center of pressure; T1 – hallux; M1 – first metatarsal; M2 – second metatarsal; M3 – third metatarsal; M4 – fourth metatarsal; M5 – fifth metatarsal; LH – lateral heel; MH – medial heel. – value of the paired t tests between the affected side and unaffected side; – value of the independent sample t tests between affected side and control; – value of the independent sample t tests between unaffected side and control; – effect size of the difference between the affected side and unaffected side; – effect size of the difference between affected side and control; – effect size of the difference between unaffected side and control; * | |||||||||