Brief Test of Olfactory Dysfunction Based on Diagnostic Features of Specific Odors in Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease

27 May 2023: Clinical Research

Egle Audronyte ^ABCDEF* , Vaiva Sutnikiene ^BCEF , Gyte Pakulaite-Kazliene ^CDEF , Gintaras Kaubrys ^ABCDEF

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940363

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940363

Table 2 Results of the cognitive assessments.

	NC (N=30)	MCI-AD (N=30)	MD-AD (N=30)
MMSE^*	29 [29–30]	26 [25–26]	22 [21–23]
CDR sum of boxes^*	0 [0–0]	2 [1.5–2.5]	5 [4.5–5.5]
ADAS-Cog^*	5.33 [4.59–7]	11.33 [9.17–13.75]	17.67 [15.17–20.33]
Categorical fluency (animals)^*	20 [14.75–22]	13 [11–17]	10 [7–12]
Phonemic fluency (PAS)^*	37 [28–41]	28.5 [25–34.25]	21 [14.75–27.25]
NC – normal cognition; MCI-AD – mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease; MD-AD – mild dementia due to Alzheimer disease; CDR – Clinical Dementia Rating; MMSE – Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-Cog – Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale. Data are presented as median and interquartile range. ^* All 3 groups differ significantly.