Brief Test of Olfactory Dysfunction Based on Diagnostic Features of Specific Odors in Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease

27 May 2023 : Clinical Research

Egle Audronyte

^1ABCDEF*, Vaiva Sutnikiene^1BCEF, Gyte Pakulaite-Kazliene^1CDEF, Gintaras Kaubrys

^1ABCDEF

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940363

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940363

Table 4 Results of the odor discrimination test.

Target odor	Non-target odor	NC correct responses (%)	MCI-AD correct responses (%)	MD-AD correct responses (%)
2-Phenylethanol^a	Isoamyl acetate^a	29 (96.67)	20 (66.67)^*	6 (20.00)^*
(+)-Limonene,^a	(+)-Fenchone^b	29 (96.67)	13 (43.33)^*	15 (50.00)^*
Pyridine^a	(−)-Limonene^a	28 (93.33)	21 (70.00)	13 (43.33)^*
Octyl acetate^a	Cinnamaldehyde^a	28 (93.33)	19 (63.33)^*	11 (36.67)^*
2-Phenylethanol,^a	(+)-Menthol^b	28 (93.33)	16 (53.33)^*	12 (40.00)^*
1-Butanol^a	(+)-Fenchone^a	27 (90.00)	21 (70.00)	11 (36.67)^*
Eucalyptol^a	α-Ionone^a	27 (90.00)	17 (56.67)^*	10 (33.33)^*
(−)-Limonene^a	Citronellal^a	25 (83.33)	14 (46.67)^*	9 (30.00)^*
Anethole,^a	Eugenol^b	23 (76.67)	10 (33.33)^*	11 (36.67)^*
Isoamyl acetate	Anethole	21 (70.00)	22 (73.33)	17 (56.67)
Citronellal	Linalool	21 (70.00)	10 (33.33)^*	16 (53.33)
NC – normal cognition; AD – Alzheimer disease; MCI-AD – mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease; MD-AD – mild dementia due to Alzheimer disease. ^* Significantly different from the NC group ( ^a Triplets that differed the most ( ^b Triplets that differed the most (