16 September 2023: Review Articles
A Review of the Role of Tendon Stem Cells in Tendon-Bone Regeneration
Junjie Chen 1EFG* , Chuanfeng Jiang 1EF* , Lu Yin 1EF* , Yingqi Liu 2EF , Yue He 3EF , Sen Li 4EF* , Huarui Shen 1FG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940805
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940805
Background
Tendon Stem Cells
Physiological Structure of Tendon Bone Tissue
Research Progress of TDSCs on Tendon-Bone Healing
Factors Affecting TDSCs Promotion of Tendon Healing
Growth Factors
Mechanical Stimulation
Biological Scaffold
The Combination of Multiple Strategies
Future Directions
Conclusions
References
Table 1 Current tendon stem cell (TDSC) research.
| Stem celltType | Animal | Outcome | Conclusion | Author | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tendon cells/TDSCs | Mice | TDSCs had a round appearance compared to fibroblasts | Differences in morphology, clonogenicity, stem cell marker expression and multipotency observed between tenocytes and TDSCs indicate that at least two cell populations are present in murine tail tendon | Lee | []10 |
| TDSCs | Horse | There are three different types of differentiation in the stem cell lines. Tendons, bone, and fat are some of the different phenotypes | Isolation of TDSCs lines with the ability to differentiate into all four connective tissue lineages may yield better therapeutic benefits. Future studies may aim to understand the functional contribution of each TDSCs phenotype in the body | Rajpar | []12 |
| Equine stem cells | Horse | There may be a risk of ectopic bone formation after cell injection | This review provides an overview of current strategies for stem cell therapy for equine tendon injury | Shojaee | []13 |
| Human TDSCs of the supraspinatus and biceps longhead | Human | Cells exhibit adult stem cell characteristics (ie, they are self-renewing in vitro, clotogenic, and pluripotent) They can be induced to differentiate into different cell types – ie, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells | Human rotator cuff TDSCs and human biceps tendon longhead stem cells can be isolated and have a high regenerative potential. Sphingolipid patterns of isolated cells vs those of BMSCs and fibroblasts reveals the possibility of using such lipids as possible markers of cell differentiation status | Randelli | []14 |