26 October 2023: Clinical Research
Identifying Predominant Causes of Death Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients During Poland’s Second and Third Waves
Irina Niecwietajewa 1ABCDEFG , Michał Frączek 2ABCDEFG* , Maria Mroczkowska 3BC , Mariusz Frączek 3ABCDEFGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.941455
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941455
Table 4 The relationship between the incidence of individual comorbidities included in the Charles Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the occurrence of deaths in patients with COVID-19.
| Comorbidities | Occurance | All | Chi-2 test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death | Survival | |||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | Chi-2 | p | |
| Leukemia | 4 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 100.0 | 7.050 | 0.008 |
| Chronic kidney disease* | 14 | 93.3 | 1 | 6.7 | 15 | 100.0 | 21.616 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 34 | 85.0 | 6 | 15.0 | 40 | 100.0 | 44.029 | |
| Solid tumor | 25 | 80.6 | 6 | 19.4 | 31 | 100.0 | 27.805 | |
| Dementia | 28 | 75.7 | 9 | 24.3 | 37 | 100.0 | 26.455 | |
| Lymphoma | 2 | 66.7 | 1 | 33.3 | 3 | 100.0 | 1.197 | 0.274 |
| Hemiplegia | 12 | 63.2 | 7 | 36.8 | 19 | 100.0 | 6.101 | 0.014 |
| History of a cerebrovascular accident** | 25 | 62.5 | 15 | 37.5 | 40 | 100.0 | 12.715 | |
| Connective tissue disease | 15 | 60.0 | 10 | 40.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 6.371 | 0.012 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 19 | 57.6 | 14 | 42.4 | 33 | 100.0 | 6.818 | 0.009 |
| Myocardial infarction*** | 17 | 51.5 | 16 | 48.5 | 33 | 100.0 | 3.478 | 0.062 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 62 | 46.3 | 72 | 53.7 | 134 | 100.0 | 7.464 | 0.006 |
| Peripheral vascular disease**** | 12 | 46.2 | 14 | 53.8 | 26 | 100.0 | 1.129 | 0.288 |
| * On dialysis, status after kidney transplant, uremia, creatinine >3 mg/dL; ** with minor or no residua and transient ischemic attacks; *** history of definite or probable myocardial infarction (EKG changes and/or enzyme changes); **** intermittent claudication or post-bypass for chronic arterial insufficiency, history of gangrenous acute arterial insufficiency. | ||||||||