24 November 2023 : Clinical Research
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation's Role in Alleviating Anxiety and Depression in Mucormycosis-Induced Maxillectomy Patients Post-COVID-19
Abdulelah Sameer Sindi
1ACDEG, Lakshya Kumar 2ABCEF*, Aditi Verma 3ABCEF, Uma Shanker Pal 4ABCEF, Mohammed E. Sayed 5ACDEF, Khurshid Mattoo 5ACDEF, Mohamed S.M. Morsy 5ACDEF, Suheel Manzoor Baba 1ACDEF, Imran Khalid6ACDEG, Fawaz A.H. Baig 6ACDEG, Sulphi Abdul Basheer 6ACDEG, Mohammad Z. Kota6ACDEG, Shabina Shafi7CDEF
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941488
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941488
Table 2 Comparative differences in mean values of Appearance Anxiety (AAI) and Depression Scale (PHQ-9) between various maxillectomy/treatment groups/subgroups at 4 treatment time intervals.
| Parameters | Maxillectomy/treatment types | Sex | N | T0 (Baseline)M±SD | T1 (2 week)M±SD | T2 (6 month)M±SD | T3 (1 year)M±SD | One-way ANOVA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chi-Square (χ2) | df | P value | |||||||||
| Anxiety (BIA, BDD) | STM(U) | Obturator | M | 6 | 22.17 ±1.16 | 19.67 ±2.06 | 13.67 ±1.03 | 12.17 ±1.16 | 16.91 | 3 | .00074*** |
| F | 8 | 23.13 ±1.24 | 20.87 ±0.99 | 17.25 ±0.88 | 13.63 ±1.68 | 23.43 | 3 | .00003*** | |||
| STM(B) | Zygomatic Implant | M | 9 | 30.56 ±1.33 | 27.44 ±1.74 | 17.78 ±1.48 | 13.44 ±1.33 | 27.00 | 3 | .00001*** | |
| F | 5 | 32.6 ±1.14 | 28.6 ±1.15 | 21.2 ±1.30 | 17.4 ±1.52 | 14.46 | 3 | .00234** | |||
| TM(U) | Obturator | M | 5 | 26.0 ±1.73 | 21.00 ±1.87 | 17.6 ±1.14 | 15.8 ±1.64 | 13.38 | 3 | .00388** | |
| F | 5 | 27.00 ±1.58 | 24.6 ±2.07 | 20.2 ±1.48 | 17.4 ±1.14 | 14.46 | 3 | .0023** | |||
| TM(B) | Zygomatic Implant | M | 10 | 33.0 ±1.41 | 26.10 ±1.37 | 20.6 ±1.57 | 18.2 ±1.22 | 29.43 | 3 | .00001*** | |
| F | 9 | 33.78 ±1.39 | 29.0 ±1.50 | 22.67 ±2.06 | 19.78 ±1.30 | 25.93 | 3 | .00001*** | |||
| TMOE (U) | Obturator, Ocular, Orbital | M | 3 | 35.33 ±2.08 | 31.66 ±1.15 | 26.33 ±2.08 | 22.33 ±1.15 | 15.00 | 3 | .00182** | |
| Depression Severity | STM(U) | Obturator | M | 6 | 11.0 ±2.36 | 11.5 ±1.76 | 5.16 ±0.98 | 4.16 ±1.72 | 14.98 | 3 | .0019** |
| F | 8 | 10.5 ±1.60 | 11.62 ±1.50 | 8.0 ±1.19 | 6.75 ±1.66 | 14.58 | 3 | .00221** | |||
| STM(B) | Zygomatic Implant | M | 9 | 20.11 ±2.14 | 22.11 ±1.61 | 13.88 ±1.26 | 5.12 ±1.76 | 27.00 | 3 | .00001*** | |
| F | 5 | 20.2 ±1.92 | 21.6 ±1.67 | 16.8 ±1.48 | 9.6 ±0.89 | 15.00 | 3 | .00182** | |||
| TM(U) | Obturator | M | 5 | 12.8 ±1.63 | 15.8 ±1.30 | 7.6 ±1.34 | 4.8 ±1.31 | 14.04 | 3 | .00285** | |
| F | 5 | 11.6 ±1.94 | 14.0 ±1.87 | 8.6 ±2.70 | 4.8 ±1.30 | 13.38 | 3 | .00388** | |||
| TM(B) | Zygomatic Implant | M | 10 | 20.2 ±1.68 | 21.9 ±1.44 | 14.7 ±2.05 | 9.1 ±1.85 | 27.81 | 3 | .00001*** | |
| F | 9 | 21.33 ±1.80 | 23.0 ±1.32 | 14.22 ±1.78 | 8.78 ±1.09 | 25.50 | 3 | .00001*** | |||
| TMOE (U) | Obturator, Ocular, Orbital | M | 3 | 20.33 ±2.08 | 22.0 ±2.64 | 20.0 ±1.73 | 17.33 ±2.08 | 10.14 | 3 | .01741** | |
| N – number of subjects; M – mean; SD – standard deviation; STM(U) – subtotal maxillectomy unilateral; STM(B) – subtotal maxillectomy bilateral; TM(U) – total maxillectomy unilateral; TM(B) – total maxillectomy bilateral; TMOE (U) – total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration. T0 – observation before prosthesis (3–4 months’ after maxillectomy); T1 – observation at 2 weeks after delivery of respective prosthesis (obturator/implant-supported prosthesis); T2 – observation at 6 months; T3 – observation at 12 months. Score from 0 to 19 – normal, 19 to 27 –clinical BIA, 27 and above - diagnosis of BDD. Total score in the range of 0 to 27. Degree of severity determined on cut point scores as 5,10,15 and 20 representing the degree of symptoms as mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe, respectively. Friedman’s test for repeated measure analysis of variance after adjustment/correction of Q (probability distribution). * All differences at various time intervals in each group were considered to be statistically significant if the probable P value was ≤0.05: Levels of significance: NS (not significant)=P≤0.05; * Significant=P≤0.05; ** Very significant=P≤0.01; *** Highly significant=P≤0.001. | |||||||||||