22 November 2023 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Modic Changes in Symptomatic Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Retrospective Study of 203 Patients
Binbin Liu
12ABCDEFG, Wenyuan Ding3AG*, Hui Wang4AB
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941674
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941674
Table 1 Univariate logistic regression analysis of characteristics of patients with symptomatic cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (diagnosed between 2014 and 2022).
| Subject characteristics | No. of patients with symptomatic cervical OPLL (2014–2022) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MC(+) (N=, %=) | MC(−) (N=, %=) | ||||
| Number | 43 (21.18) | 160 (78.82) | |||
| Age, in years | 43 (21.18) | 160 (78.82) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.011* | |
| Gender | Male | 32 (21.62) | 116 (78.38) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Female | 11 (20.00) | 44 (80.00) | 0.91 (0.42–1.95) | 0.802 | |
| Weight (kg) | <65 | 2 (9.52) | 19 (90.48) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| ≥65 | 41 (22.53) | 141 (77.47) | 2.76 (0.62–12.36) | 0.184 | |
| BMI (kg/m) | <25 | 10 (27.78) | 26 (72.22) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| ≥25 | 33 (19.76) | 134 (80.24) | 0.64 (0.28–1.46) | 0.288 | |
| Smoking | No | 37 (20.90) | 140 (79.10) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 6 (23.08) | 20 (76.92) | 1.14 (0.43–3.03) | 0.800 | |
| Alcohol | No | 41 (22.53) | 141 (77.47) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2 (9.52) | 19 (90.48) | 0.36 (0.08–1.62) | 0.184 | |
| Combined diabetes | No | 38 (22.62) | 130 (77.38) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 5 (14.29) | 30 (85.71) | 0.57 (0.21–1.57) | 0.277 | |
| Combined hypertension | No | 29 (22.83) | 98 (77.17) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 14 (18.42) | 62 (81.58) | 0.76 (0.37–1.56) | 0.457 | |
| Combined coronary heart disease | No | 40 (20.62) | 154 (79.38) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3 (33.33) | 6 (766.67) | 1.93 (0.46–8.04) | 0.369 | |
| Neck pain | Without neck pain | 34 (18.89) | 146 (81.11) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| With neck pain | 9 (39.13) | 14 (60.87) | 2.76 (1.10–6.91) | 0.030* | |
| Physical workload category | No heavy | 22 (20.18) | 87 (79.82) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Heavy | 21 (22.34) | 73 (77.66) | 1.14 (0.58–2.23) | 0.708 | |
| WBC (10/L) | 43 (21.18) | 160 (78.82) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 0.179 | |
| NEUT percentage | 43 (21.18) | 160 (78.82) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.820 | |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 43 (21.18) | 160 (78.82) | 2.54 (0.68–9.55) | 0.167 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 43 (21.18) | 160 (78.82) | 0.93 (0.58–1.50) | 0.772 | |
| TRIG (mmol/L) | 43 (21.18) | 160 (78.82) | 0.84 (0.58–1.23) | 0.377 | |
| Type of OPLL | Mixed | 13 (16.88) | 64 (83.12) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Local | 5 (20.83) | 19 (79.17) | 1.30 (0.41–4.10) | 0.659 | |
| Segmental | 21 (27.63) | 55 (72.37) | 1.88 (0.86–4.10) | 0.113 | |
| Continuous | 4 (15.38) | 22 (84.62) | 0.90 (0.26–3.03) | 0.859 | |
| C2–7 Cobb angle (degrees) | <20 | 28 (21.37) | 103 (78.63) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| ≥20 | 15 (20.83) | 57 (79.17) | 0.97 (0.48–1.96) | 0.928 | |
| C2–7 ROM (degrees) | <40 | 35 (21.60) | 127 (78.40) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| ≥40 | 8 (19.51) | 33 (80.49) | 0.88 (0.37–2.08) | 0.770 | |
| K-line | (+) | 33 (24.63) | 101 (75.37) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| (−) | 10 (14.49) | 59 (85.51) | 0.52 (0.24–1.13) | 0.098 | |
| MC – Modic change; OPLL – ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament; WBC – white blood cell; NEUT – neutrophil, HDL – high-density lipoprotein, LDL – low-density lipoprotein, TRIG – triglyceride, ROM – range of motion. * Statistically significant. | |||||