24 May 2024 : Clinical Research
Enhanced Recovery of Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: The Impact of Photobiomodulation on Reversing Anesthesia Effects
Aneta Olszewska
1ABDEF*, Jacek Matys 2ACEF, Kinga Grzech-Leśniak 2ADF, Agata Czajka-Jakubowska 1ABDF
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941928
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e941928
Table 4 Duration of action for several local anesthetic agents used in dentistry.
| Local anesthetic | Approximate duration of pulpal anesthesia [minutes] | Approximate duration of soft tissue anesthesia [minutes] |
|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% with epinephrine1: 200,000 | >90 | 240–720 |
| Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% without vasoconstrictor | <10 | 30–45 |
| 2% with epinephrine1: 50,000 | 60 | 180–300 |
| 2% with epinephrine1: 100,000 | 60 | 180–300 |
| Mepivacaine hydrochloride 3% without vasoconstrictor | 5–10 | 90–120 |
| 2% with levonordefrin1: 20,000 | 60 | 180–300 |
| Prilocaine hydrochloride 4% without vasoconstrictor | 40–60 | 120–240 |
| Articaine 4% with epinephrine1: 100,000 | 60–90 | 180–480 |
| Articaine 4% with epinephrine1: 200,000 | 45–60 | 180–240 |