Paravertebral Muscle Morphology in L4-L5 Disc Herniation: Insights from the Michigan State University Classification

21 October 2023: Clinical Research

Pei-yu Du ^1AB* , Yong-wang Zhang ^2AB* , Xu-hao Cao ^3B , Yue-lin Liu ^3C , Yun-tao Yan ^2CD , Lu Liu ^2EF , Shuang-qing Du ^2AFG*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941937

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941937

Table 5 Cross-sectional area of patients with L4–L5 herniation in different grades compared with normal people.

	Grade 1		Grade 2		Grade 3
	B	P	B	P	B	P
Age	0.022	0.203	−0.015	0.335	−0.018	0.394
Sex	−0.081	0.900	−0.844	0.724	−1.188	0.163
CSA of MF
L12	0.000	0.978	0.003	0.760	−0.001	0.986
L23	0.033	0.897	−0.014	0.952	−0.063	0.846
L34	−0.011	0.940	0.142	0.315	0.028	0.897
L45	0.061	0.571	0.169	0.076	0.006	0.969
L51	−0.008	0.912	0.004	0.943	0.101	0.334
CSA of ES
L12	−0.030	0.494	−0.005	0.899	0.021	0.743
L23	−0.069	0.161	−0.065	0.143	−0.035	0.579
L34	−0.007	0.888	−0.049	0.288	−0.075	0.243
L45	−0.034	0.602	−0.094	0.121	−0.066	0.424
L51	−0.027	0.581	−0.085	0.216	−0.084	0.405
CSA of PM
L12	0.058	0.503	−0.125	0.382	−0.110	0.605
L23	0.197	0.163	0.197	0.127	0.115	0.510
L34	0.063	0.336	0.048	0.457	0.056	0.428
L45	0.071	0.159	0.051	0.247	0.173	0.011^*
L51	−0.007	0.822	−0.010	0.724	−0.130	0.028^*
CSA – cross-sectional area; MF – multifidus; ES – erector spinae; PM – psoas major; ^* means