13 January 2024: Clinical Research
Impact of Smoking on Salivary Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Young Adults: A Comparative Analysis between Traditional Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Products
Sara Zięba 1ABCDEF* , Agnieszka Błachnio-Zabielska 2ABCD , Mateusz Maciejczyk 3ABCDE , Karolina Pogodzińska 2BCD , Mariusz Szuta 4ABDF , Giuseppe Lo Giudice 5ACD , Roberto Lo Giudice 6BCD , Anna Zalewska 17ABCDEFGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.942507
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942507
Table 1 Clinical and stomatological characteristics of patients and control group participants.
| Non-smokers, n=25 | Traditional smokers, n=25 | E-cigarette smokers, n=25 | Heat-not-burn products smokers, n=25 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 24.7±2.4 | 25.3±3.1 | 23.4±3.2 | 23.7±1.9 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m) | 20.6±1.7 | 21.9±1.8 | 21.2±1.2 | 20.8±1.9 | NS |
| Duration of addiction (years) | – | 2.1±0.3 | 2.3±0.4 | 2.2±0.3 | NS |
| US (mL/min) | 0.68±0.1 | 0.62±0.1 | 0.65±0.1 | 0.69±0.1 | NS |
| SWS (mL/min) | 0.91±0.02 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.91±0.01 | 0.9±0.02 | NS |
| DMFT | 17±0.23 | 18±0.32 | 17±0.31 | 18±0.28 | NS |
| API | 24.56±0.36 | 21.54±0.31 | 21.54±0.27 | 21.54±0.31 | NS |
| PBI | 0.36±0.1 | 0.35±0.12 | 0.34±0.1 | 0.34±0.1 | NS |
| PPD (mm) | 2.0±0.5 | 2.0±0.5 | 2.0±0.5 | 2.0±0.5 | NS |
| BMI – body mass index; UWS – unstimulated whole saliva; DMFT – Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth; API – approximal plaque index; PBI – papilla bleeding index; PPD – periodontal pocket depth; NS – statistically insignificant; SWS – stimulated whole saliva. | |||||