23 January 2024 : Review article
Decoding the Neurological Sequelae of General Anesthesia: A Review
Paweł Radkowski
123ABCDEFG, Hubert Oniszczuk 4ABCDEFG*, Magdalena Fadrowska-Szleper 1AE, Dariusz Onichimowski 12AE
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.942740
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942740
Background
Delayed Awakening After General Anesthesia
Pharmacological Agents
Non-Pharmacological Agents
Anticholinergic Syndrome
Postoperative Delirium
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD)
Perioperative Stroke (POS) After General Anesthesia
Spinal Cord Ischemia (SCI)
Postoperative Visual Loss (POVL)
Conclusions
Future Directions
References
Table 1 The main groups of drugs used in anesthesiology contributing to delayed recovery.
| Intravenous anesthetic |
| Volatile anesthetics |
| Opioids |
| Benzodiazepines |
| Muscle relaxants |
| Drugs contributing to serotonin syndrome (fentanyl, tramadol, ondansetron, metoclopramide, methylene blue) |
| Drugs leading to CAS |
| Other drugs taken by the patient or perioperatively interacting with the above groups |
| CAS – central anticholinergic syndrome. |